Repeated high-intensity interval exercise shortens the positive effect on executive function during post-exercise recovery in healthy young males

Tsukamoto, Hayato; Suga, Tadashi; Takenaka, Saki; Tanaka, Daichi; Takeuchi, Tatsuya; Hamaoka, Toshiyuki; Isaka, Tadao; Ogoh, Shigehiko; Hashimoto, Takeshi

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.03.029

Cited by 65 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…First, we showed that the deterioration of cognitive function during hypoglycemia was less after HIIT than rest, which is in accordance with previous studies that infused lactate during hypoglycemia (10; 12). In addition, a recent exercise study found that higher lactate levels after HIIT were associated with better executive function during post-exercise recovery, under euglycemic conditions (41). We also observed fast suppression of hypoglycemic symptoms, cortisol and growth hormone responses after HIIT (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

A Single Bout of High-Intensity Interval Training Reduces Awareness of Subsequent Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

et al. 2017

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High-intensity interval training (HIIT) gains increasing popularity in patients with diabetes.HIIT acutely increases plasma lactate levels. This may be important, since administration of lactate during hypoglycemia suppresses symptoms and counterregulation, whilst preserving cognitive function. We tested the hypothesis that HIIT acutely reduces awareness of hypoglycemia and attenuates hypoglycemia-induced cognitive dysfunction. In a randomized crossover trial, patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH), and healthy participants (n=10 per group) underwent a hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamp, either after a HIIT session or after seated rest. Compared to rest, HIIT reduced symptoms of hypoglycemia in patients with NAH, but not in healthy participants or patients with IAH. HIIT attenuated hypoglycemia-induced cognitive dysfunction, which was mainly driven by changes in the NAH subgroup. HIIT suppressed cortisol and growth hormone responses, but not catecholamine responses to hypoglycemia. The present findings demonstrate that a single HIIT session rapidly reduces awareness of subsequent hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and NAH, but not in patients with IAH, and attenuates hypoglycemia-induced cognitive dysfunction. The role of exercise-induced lactate in mediating these effects, potentially serving as an alternative fuel for the brain, should be further explored.Clinical trial registration number: NCT02308293, ClinicalTrials.gov

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

A Single Bout of High-Intensity Interval Training Reduces Awareness of Subsequent Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

et al. 2017

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“…Given the proposed influence of cerebral lactate metabolism on cognition (Tsukamoto et al . ; Hashimoto et al . ), the increase in cerebral lactate delivery with thermal stress at high altitude may explain the maintenance of cognitive performance in the face of reduced CDO 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global REACH 2018: The influence of acute and chronic hypoxia on cerebral haemodynamics and related functional outcomes during cold and heat stress

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Tymko

Thomas

et al. 2020

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points Thermal and hypoxic stress commonly coexist in environmental, occupational and clinical settings, yet how the brain tolerates these multi‐stressor environments is unknown Core cooling by 1.0°C reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) by 20–30% and cerebral oxygen delivery (CDO2) by 12–19% at sea level and high altitude, whereas core heating by 1.5°C did not reliably reduce CBF or CDO2 Oxygen content in arterial blood was fully restored with acclimatisation to 4330 m, but concurrent cold stress reduced CBF and CDO2 Gross indices of cognition were not impaired by any combination of thermal and hypoxic stress despite large reductions in CDO2 Chronic hypoxia renders the brain susceptible to large reductions in oxygen delivery with concurrent cold stress, which might make monitoring core temperature more important in this context Abstract Real‐world settings are composed of multiple environmental stressors, yet the majority of research in environmental physiology investigates these stressors in isolation. The brain is central in both behavioural and physiological responses to threatening stimuli and, given its tight metabolic and haemodynamic requirements, is particularly susceptible to environmental stress. We measured cerebral blood flow (CBF, duplex ultrasound), cerebral oxygen delivery (CDO2), oesophageal temperature, and arterial blood gases during exposure to three commonly experienced environmental stressors – heat, cold and hypoxia – in isolation, and in combination. Twelve healthy male subjects (27 ± 11 years) underwent core cooling by 1.0°C and core heating by 1.5°C in randomised order at sea level; acute hypoxia (PET,O2 = 50 mm Hg) was imposed at baseline and at each thermal extreme. Core cooling and heating protocols were repeated after 16 ± 4 days residing at 4330 m to investigate any interactions with high altitude acclimatisation. Cold stress decreased CBF by 20–30% and CDO2 by 12–19% (both P < 0.01) irrespective of altitude, whereas heating did not reliably change either CBF or CDO2 (both P > 0.08). The increases in CBF with acute hypoxia during thermal stress were appropriate to maintain CDO2 at normothermic, normoxic values. Reaction time was faster and slower by 6–9% with heating and cooling, respectively (both P < 0.01), but central (brain) processes were not impaired by any combination of environmental stressors. These findings highlight the powerful influence of core cooling in reducing CDO2. Despite these large reductions in CDO2 with cold stress, gross indices of cognition remained stable.

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“…high-intensity exercise the brain becomes dependent on lactate delivery (13,18), and repeated high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), which attenuates the increase in blood lactate, results in impaired maintenance of HIIEenhanced EF (19). Both cognitive tasks and exercise increase neuronal activity and energy demand (10,20,21), and high-volume exercise with sufficient intensity and duration prolongs the exercise-induced improvement in EF (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…We explored the relationship between exercise-induced lactate production and improved cognitive function (19) and used HIIE, which is emerging as an alternative to current health-related exercise guidelines (30). However, the impact of HIIE on the cerebral vasculature (30) and its implication for cognitive function are not established.…”

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confidence: 99%

Maintained exercise‐enhanced brain executive function related to cerebral lactate metabolism in men

et al. 2018

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High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) improves cerebral executive function (EF), but the improvement in EF is attenuated after repeated HIIE, perhaps because of lower lactate availability for the brain. This investigation examined whether improved EF after exercise relates to brain lactate uptake. Fourteen healthy, male subjects performed 2 HIIE protocols separated by 60 min of rest. Blood samples were obtained from the right internal jugular venous bulb and from the brachial artery to determine arterial-venous differences across the brain for lactate (a-v diff), glucose (a-v diff), oxygen (a-v diff), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; a-v diff). EF was evaluated by the color-word Stroop task. The first HIIE improved EF for 40 min, whereas the second HIIE improved EF only immediately after exercise. The a-v diff was unchanged, whereas the a-v diff increased similarly after both HIIEs, and the a-v diff increased, but the increase was attenuated after the second HIIE, compared with the first HIIE ( P < 0.05). The EF after HIIE correlated with the a-v diff ( r = 0.62; P < 0.01). We propose that attenuated improvement in EF after repeated HIIE relates to reduced cerebral lactate metabolism and is, thereby, linked to systemic metabolism as an example of the lactate shuttle mechanism.-Hashimoto, T., Tsukamoto, H., Takenaka, S., Olesen, N. D., Petersen, L. G., Sørensen, H., Nielsen, H. B., Secher, N. H., Ogoh, S. Maintained exercise-enhanced brain executive function related to cerebral lactate metabolism in men.

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Repeated high-intensity interval exercise shortens the positive effect on executive function during post-exercise recovery in healthy young males

Cited by 65 publications

References 47 publications

A Single Bout of High-Intensity Interval Training Reduces Awareness of Subsequent Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

A Single Bout of High-Intensity Interval Training Reduces Awareness of Subsequent Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Global REACH 2018: The influence of acute and chronic hypoxia on cerebral haemodynamics and related functional outcomes during cold and heat stress

Maintained exercise‐enhanced brain executive function related to cerebral lactate metabolism in men

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