Repeated exposure to inhaled toluene induces behavioral and neurochemical cross-sensitization to cocaine in rats

Beyer, Chad E.; Stafford, David; LeSage, Mark; Glowa, John R.; Steketee, Jeffery D.

doi:10.1007/s002130000614

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Interestingly, there is now evidence that dopaminergic systems may also play a role in the acute, and possibly the long term, effects of toluene on locomotor activity as well [40][41][42]. Indeed, cross-sensitization has been shown from cocaine to toluene [3]. Sex differences have also been reported in preclinical studies with CNS depressants, including ethanol and pentobarbital [17][18][19]69], although pharmacokinetics likely contributes strongly to sex differences in ethanol sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Repeated exposure to solvents such as toluene and TCE produces sensitization to the motor increasing effects of these compounds [5], [24]. Interestingly, repeated toluene or TCE exposure also enhances cocaine's or diazepam's motor increasing effects, respectively [3], [64], suggesting a common neurochemical pathway. The second reason for assessment of locomotor activity (vs. other possible dependent measures) was the resulting ability to investigate sensitization, a phenomenon whereby initial drug-induced stimulation of locomotor activity in rodents is enhanced following repeated administration of the abused drug.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Decreased sensitivity in adolescent vs. adult rats to the locomotor activating effects of toluene

Bowen¹,

Charlesworth²,

Tokarz³

et al. 2007

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Volatile organic solvent (inhalant) abuse continues to be a major health concern throughout the world. Of particular concern is the abuse of inhalants by adolescents because of its toxicity and link to illicit drug use. Toluene, which is found in many products such as glues and household cleaners, is among the most commonly abused organic solvents. While studies have assessed outcomes of exposure to inhalants in adult male animals, there is little research on the neurobehavioral effects of inhalants in female or younger animals. In attempt to address these shortcomings, we exposed male and female Long-Evans rats to 20 min of 0, 2,000, 4,000, or 8,000 parts per million (ppm) inhaled toluene for 10 days in rats aged postnatal (PN) day 28-39 (adolescent), PN44-PN55, or >PN70 (adult). Animals were observed individually in 29-l transparent glass cylindrical jars equipped with standard photocells that were used to measure locomotor activity. Toluene significantly increased activity as compared to air exposure in all groups of male and female rats with the magnitude of locomotor stimulation produced by 4000 ppm toluene being significantly greater for female adults than during any age of adolescence. The results demonstrate that exposure to abuse patterns of high concentrations of toluene through inhalation can alter spontaneous locomotor behavior in rats and that the expression of these effects appears to depend upon the postnatal age of testing and sex of the animal.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Decreased sensitivity in adolescent vs. adult rats to the locomotor activating effects of toluene

Bowen¹,

Charlesworth²,

Tokarz³

et al. 2007

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At the start of the experiment, the rats were about 3 months old and chemicals, which may be present in workplace, communal environment and at home [5][6][7]. The latter group includes also solvents (mainly aromatic hydrocarbons) which are extensively used as components of paints, lacquers and motor fuels [8][9][10]. Owing to physical and chemical properties and the biological activity -stimulant-like and narcotic effects -some solvents are used for entertainment which -like the use of psychostimulants and opiatesleads to dependence and addiction [11][12][13].…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, it is worth stating that, thanks to the efforts of some research groups, the list of industrial chemicals able to induce behavioural sensitisation (or TDS) continues to be extended. To date, apart from toluene [10,12,36], sensitization to psychostimulants was described after exposure to formaldehyde [37,38]. It is suspected that this characteristic is also shared by some pesticides [7] and heavy metals [5].…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting effects of 4-week inhalation exposure to pseudocumene or hemimellitene on sensitivity to amphetamine and propensity to amphetamine sensitization in the rat

Lutz¹,

Gralewicz²,

Wiaderna³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: Some data suggest that increased behavioural sensitivity to psychostimulants may develop after exposure to volatile chemicals in common use. The purpose of the present experiment was to find out whether and in what way inhalation exposure to pseudocumene (PS) or hemimellitene (HM) at low concentrations alters behavioural sensitivity to the psychostimulant amphetamine (AMPH), and propensity to develop behavioural sensitization to AMPH. Material and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were exposed 6 h/day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks to PS or HEM at 0, 25, 100 or 250 ppm. Behavioural sensitivity to AMPH was assessed by measuring locomotor activity of the animals in an open-field. Behavioural sensitization to AMPH was induced by a repeated AMPH treatment. Results: In rats exposed to HEM, the behavioural sensitivity to AMPH was increased, but remained unchanged in rats exposed to PS. The second testing revealed an augmented behavioural response to AMPH in control rats. In the HM exposed rats this augmenting was significantly more evident and in the PS exposed rats significantly less evident than in controls. For each of the two solvents, the concentration-effect relationship was nonlinear; out of the three concentrations used, 100 ppm was the most effective. Conclusions: The results confirm that low-level inhalation exposure to trimethylbenzene isomers may induce behavioural sensitisation and/or increase the susceptibility of the animals to develop this state upon repeated psychostimulant treatment. They show, however, that HM and PS differ markedly in their ability to induce such alterations.

show abstract

“…As a result, people can be exposed to toluene through drinking water, food, air, and various consumer items (1,2). Addiction to toluene and similar volatiles is a major problem in developing countries, as well as, in developed countries such as the United Stated (3,4). Because of easy access, toluene addicts frequently prefer glue and thinner (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute cardiotoxic effects of high dose toluene: an experimental study

Taş

Ekici²,

Koç³

et al. 2012

Anadolu Kardiyol Derg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the acute cardiotoxic effects of high dose toluene and its damage mechanisms on heart tissue in the acute period. Methods: Twenty adult male Wistar Albino rats (200-220 g) were used in this controlled experimental animal study. Animals were divided into two equal groups: a control group (Group 1) and a high dose (6 mL/kg/gavage) toluene-administered group (Group 2). Arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) values were measured at 30 th , 60 th and 90 th minutes after toluene was administered. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples and heart tissues were taken from the rats. Serum troponin T levels were assayed. Heart tissue sections were stained using routine histological methods and examined under a light microscope. In addition, the sections were immunohistochemically stained using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method to determine caspase-3 immunoreactivity and TUNEL to detect apoptosis. To compare the apoptotic index, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. For comparisons between the two groups, the independent t-test was used. In addition, time-based changes of intra-group parameters were evaluated using paired t tests. Results: BP and HR values were low in toluene-treated rats compared to the control group. Troponin T levels were increased in tolueneadministered animals as compared with controls [Toluene group: 0.140 (0.010-2.000) ng/mL vs control group: 0.010 (0.010-0.010) ng/mL, p=0.01]. Histopathologic examination of heart tissue sections showed congestion and edema in toluene administrated rats. Higher TUNEL positivity and (+++) immunoreactivity for caspase-3 protein were observed in the toluene group compared to the control group.

show abstract

Repeated exposure to inhaled toluene induces behavioral and neurochemical cross-sensitization to cocaine in rats

Abstract: Overall, these findings show that repeated toluene exposure enhances behavioral and neurochemical responses to subsequent cocaine administration.

Cited by 52 publications

References 52 publications

Decreased sensitivity in adolescent vs. adult rats to the locomotor activating effects of toluene

Decreased sensitivity in adolescent vs. adult rats to the locomotor activating effects of toluene

Contrasting effects of 4-week inhalation exposure to pseudocumene or hemimellitene on sensitivity to amphetamine and propensity to amphetamine sensitization in the rat

Acute cardiotoxic effects of high dose toluene: an experimental study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About