Repeatability of innervation zone identification in the external anal sphincter muscle

Abstract

This result justifies clinical studies using high-density surface EMG in routine examinations, providing information about IZs of EAS and assessing the possibilities of preventing neuronal trauma during vaginal delivery.

Innervation asymmetry of the external anal sphincter in aging characterized from high‐density intra‐rectal surface EMG recordings

“…MU yield was comparable to similar studies, and the subsequent IZ identification protocol was successful in identifying an amount of IZs that was similar to past studies . The EAS AI values for the young group were calculated as 28.7 ± 17.0% (31.5 ± 3.9 years), which is consistent with published results of 25.03 ± 10.11% (35 ± 11 years) . Significantly higher AI values in the elderly group suggest that with increasing age, the EAS in healthy women tends to be less symmetrically innervated.…”

“…A completely symmetric EAS innervation will have an AI of 0%; conversely, an AI of 100% denotes a completely asymmetric IZ distribution. Equation defines AI, …”

Reliability of surface EMG matrix in locating the innervation zone of upper trapezius muscle

“…Recently, a few methods have been proposed to automatically estimate the IZ location Enck et al, 2010;Mesin et al, 2009;Ostlund et al, 2007). A test set of sEMG signals for which the IZ has been located by expert raters can be used as the ''gold standard'' against which to test automated methods.…”

Development of a differential suction electrode for improved intravaginal recordings of pelvic floor muscle activity: Reliability and motion artifact assessment

“…Most clinicians adhere one large electrode to each side of the anal verge. Because the external anal sphincter is thought to be a circumferential structure with multiple motor points,13 this electrode configuration does not necessarily result in an appropriate differential recording from this muscle14 and the large electrodes with large inter‐electrode distances again are likely to result in crosstalk.…”