Repeatability of Choku-Tsuki and Oi-Tsuki in Shotokan Karate: A 3-Dimensional Analysis with Thirteen Black-Belt Karateka

Sforza, Chiarella; Turci, Michela; Grassi, Giorgia; Fragnito, Nicola; Serrao, Graziano; Ferrario, Virgilio F.

doi:10.2466/pms.2001.92.3c.1230

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Special speed was measured with the choku-tsuki test (maximum number of straight hand punches performed in 10 s); special endurance test with the maximum number of uraken-uchi + gyaku-zuki combined attacks executed in 30 s and the mawashi-geri test (maximum series of kicks performed in 30 s); and special flexibility with the yoko-geri test (a side kick up to a maximum height, so-called ‘Turkish twine’). In total, 5 tests were used to assess the karate competitors’ special motor fitness [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Motor Fitness Determinants of Shotokan Karate Performance

Przybylski¹,

Janiak²,

Szewczyk³

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The achievement of high performance levels in a complex structured sport such as karate is determined by the competitor’s physical fitness, fighting technique, tactics and mental state. This study aimed to identify the most important determinants of top-level performance in karate. Methods: The participants were 32 karate competitors (12 women and 20 men) aged 18–25 years. A series of tests measuring 11 anthropometric features was undertaken twice during a year, separated by a 6-week interval during a training camp at the Olympic Preparation Center in Walcz, Poland. Motor skills were measured with strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and reaction time tests. Special motor fitness was assessed with tests of karate technical skills. The results were subject to statistical analysis using multiple stepwise regression of the Polish Karate Federation ranking points as the dependent variable. Results: The multiple regression analysis revealed two main determinants of high scores in female and male karate competitors. In women, these were thigh circumference and the speed of the mawashi-geri-kick roundhouse technique (i.e., the maximum number of delivered kicks in 30 s), whilst for men they were the extent of the sideway leg swing to the highest possible height (yoko-geri) and general endurance assessed with the bent arm hang test. Conclusion: Karate training should account for the determinants of high-level competitive karate performance identified in this study. Strengthening the lower limbs, exercises increasing hip joint mobility, low position movements, performing leg techniques in various planes and applying external loads undoubtedly increase a karate athlete’s strength and lead to the development of a more extensive repertoire of karate leg techniques, especially at the highest-scoring head level (jodan).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Motor Fitness Determinants of Shotokan Karate Performance

Przybylski¹,

Janiak²,

Szewczyk³

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The protocol used in the current study was approved by the local Ethics Committee. Ret-roreflective markers (diameter 2 cm), corresponding to 13 anatomical landmarks (20,21), were positioned on the body of each athlete (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Karatekamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An optoelectronic computerized instrument (ELITE System-B.T.S., Milan, Italy) was used for data acquisition. It allowed the automatic analysis of a movement from the three-dimensional coordinates of different body landmarks detected by eight infrared-sensitive charge coupled device cameras (20,21). The system had a s a m p h g rate of 100 Hz, and it could follow fast complex movements developing in the three spatial planes.…”

Section: Film Acquzsitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elite athletes can repeat the basic techniques of a sport better and more efficiently than less experienced athletes (4,5,6,18,19). In Traditional karate, several studies were also conducted (20,21), and the repeatability of two particular punch techniques, choku-tsuki (srra~glir punch) and oi-tsuki (lunge punch) was investigated in male and female karateka. Overall, higher dan grades obtained the best repeatability in both techniques (20,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Traditional karate, several studies were also conducted (20,21), and the repeatability of two particular punch techniques, choku-tsuki (srra~glir punch) and oi-tsuki (lunge punch) was investigated in male and female karateka. Overall, higher dan grades obtained the best repeatability in both techniques (20,21). In the present investigation, the repeatabhty of mae-geri-keage (front snap kick), a standardized luck technique of Traditional karate, was measured with 13 experienced karateka.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Repeatability of Mae-Geri-Keage in Traditional Karate: A Three-Dimensional Analysis with Black-Belt Karateka

et al. 2002

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In karate, performance also depends on a correct body shape, and the repeatability of standardized movements conditions the effectiveness of techniques. The execution of mae-geri-keage (frontal snap kick) was studied in 13 karateka (1st-5th dan). The 3D trajectories of 13 body landmarks were analyzed by an optoelectronic instrument while each karateka performed 10 repetitions of the movement. For each karateka and repetition, the standard deviations of the spatial coordinates x, y, z for each landmark were computed. A total standard deviation of the single participant was also calculated. Two experienced karateka performed with the best repeatability (smaller standard deviation) while executing the studied kick. Generally, the best repeatability was observed in the horizontal plane. The lower variability was observed in hips and head. Ankle and knee of the dominant limb had the worse. The method could detect athletes particularly gifted for the discipline. Moreover, it could help in the identification of those parts of body that do not repeat the movement with the desired precision.

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Fatigue-related changes in technique emerge at different timescales during repetitive training

Aragonés

Eekhoff

Horst

et al. 2017

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Training consisting of numerous repetitions performed as closely as possible to ideal techniques is common in sports and every-day tasks. Little is known about fatigue-related technique changes that emerge at different timescales when repeating complex actions such as a karate front kick. Accordingly, 15 karatekas performed 600 kicks (1 pre-block and 9 blocks). The pre-block comprised 6 kicks (3 with each leg) at maximum intensity (K-100%). Each block comprised 60 kicks (10 with each leg) at 80% of their self-perceived maximum intensity (K-80%) plus 6 K-100%. In between blocks, the participants rested for 90 seconds. Right leg kinematics (peak joint angles, peak joint angular velocities, peak joint linear resultant velocities, and time of occurrence of peaks) and kick duration corresponding to the K-80% were measured resulting in numerous variations with fatigue. At the timescale of tens of seconds, the changes involved variables that were related to velocity of execution (slowed down), while variables related to movement form were hardly affected. At the timescale of tens of minutes, the opposite results were observed. These findings challenge the long-standing rationale underlying repetitive training, suggesting instead that such involuntary variations in technique might play a crucial role in motor skill training.

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Repeatability of Choku-Tsuki and Oi-Tsuki in Shotokan Karate: A 3-Dimensional Analysis with Thirteen Black-Belt Karateka

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Morphological and Motor Fitness Determinants of Shotokan Karate Performance

Morphological and Motor Fitness Determinants of Shotokan Karate Performance

Repeatability of Mae-Geri-Keage in Traditional Karate: A Three-Dimensional Analysis with Black-Belt Karateka

Fatigue-related changes in technique emerge at different timescales during repetitive training

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