Repeat Domain Diversity of
            <i>avrBs3</i>
            -Like Genes in
            <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>
            Strains and Association with Host Preferences in the Field

Heuer, Holger; Yin, Yanni; Xue, Qing-Yun; Smalla, Kornelia; Guo, Jianhua

doi:10.1128/aem.00367-07

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It appears that TRP120 is a multifunctional protein, a finding illustrated by a recent study demonstrating a role for TRP120 in ehrlichial internalization and our recent findings that it interacts with numerous host cell proteins (28,34). Interestingly, our new findings establish a functional relationship between ehrlichial TRPs, the TAL proteins of plant pathogens of the genera Xanthomonas and Ralstonia, and FMBP-1 of the silkworm Bombyx mori (20,22,57). The TR domain mediates protein-DNA binding, and in Xanthomonas TAL effectors, each repeat unit is associated with the recognition of two nucleotides on the DNA strand (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Notably, TRP120 recognizes a DNA motif distinct from that of the previously described Ank200 and contains a novel TR DNA-binding domain that has not been previously described in any human pathogen. Other described TR DNAbinding proteins are limited to the recently described TAL effectors of the Gram-negative plant pathogens from the genera Xanthomonas and Ralstonia and the fibroin modulator binding protein-1 (FMBP-1) DNA-binding protein in the silkworm Bombyx mori (20,22,57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ehrlichia chaffeensis TRP120 Binds a G+C-Rich Motif in Host Cell DNA and Exhibits Eukaryotic Transcriptional Activator Function

et al. 2011

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Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligately intracellular bacterium that modulates host cell gene transcription in the mononuclear phagocyte, but the host gene targets and mechanisms involved in transcriptional modulation are not well-defined. In this study, we identified a novel tandem repeat DNA-binding domain in the E. chaffeensis 120-kDa tandem repeat protein (TRP120) that directly binds host cell DNA. TRP120 was observed by immunofluorescent microscopy in the nucleus of E. chaffeensis-infected host cells and was detected in nuclear extracts by Western immunoblotting with TRP120-specific antibody. The TRP120 binding sites and associated host cell target genes were identified using high-throughput deep sequencing (Illumina) of immunoprecipitated DNA (chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput DNA sequencing). Multiple em motif elicitation (MEME) analysis of the most highly enriched TRP120-bound sequences revealed a G؉C-rich DNA motif, and recombinant TRP120 specifically bound synthetic oligonucleotides containing the motif. TRP120 target gene binding sites were mapped most frequently to intersecting regions (intron/exon; 49%) but were also identified in upstream regulatory regions (25%) and downstream locations (26%). Genes targeted by TRP120 were most frequently associated with transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, and apoptosis. TRP120 targeted inflammatory chemokine genes, CCL2, CCL20, and CXCL11, which were strongly upregulated during E. chaffeensis infection and were also upregulated by direct transfection with recombinant TRP120. This study reveals that TRP120 is a novel DNA-binding protein that is involved in a host gene transcriptional regulation strategy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ehrlichia chaffeensis TRP120 Binds a G+C-Rich Motif in Host Cell DNA and Exhibits Eukaryotic Transcriptional Activator Function

et al. 2011

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“…The pthA gene is a member of the avrBS3 family of effector genes, members of which are present in most Xanthomonas genomes and in some R. solanacearum genomes [43]. However, only PthA is known to induce citrus canker.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel insights into the genomic basis of citrus canker based on the genome sequences of two strains of Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii

et al. 2010

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BackgroundCitrus canker is a disease that has severe economic impact on the citrus industry worldwide. There are three types of canker, called A, B, and C. The three types have different phenotypes and affect different citrus species. The causative agent for type A is Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, whose genome sequence was made available in 2002. Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain B causes canker B and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain C causes canker C.ResultsWe have sequenced the genomes of strains B and C to draft status. We have compared their genomic content to X. citri subsp. citri and to other Xanthomonas genomes, with special emphasis on type III secreted effector repertoires. In addition to pthA, already known to be present in all three citrus canker strains, two additional effector genes, xopE3 and xopAI, are also present in all three strains and are both located on the same putative genomic island. These two effector genes, along with one other effector-like gene in the same region, are thus good candidates for being pathogenicity factors on citrus. Numerous gene content differences also exist between the three cankers strains, which can be correlated with their different virulence and host range. Particular attention was placed on the analysis of genes involved in biofilm formation and quorum sensing, type IV secretion, flagellum synthesis and motility, lipopolysacharide synthesis, and on the gene xacPNP, which codes for a natriuretic protein.ConclusionWe have uncovered numerous commonalities and differences in gene content between the genomes of the pathogenic agents causing citrus canker A, B, and C and other Xanthomonas genomes. Molecular genetics can now be employed to determine the role of these genes in plant-microbe interactions. The gained knowledge will be instrumental for improving citrus canker control.

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“…vesicatoria (Xcv) confers both virulence (6) and avirulence (7). AvrBs3-like proteins have been identified in many pathovars of Xanthomonas (8) and Ralstonia solanacearum (9). Owing to their homology to eukaryotic transcription factors, AvrBs3-like proteins are also termed transcription-activator like (TAL) effectors (10)(11)(12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A single plant resistance gene promoter engineered to recognize multiple TAL effectors from disparate pathogens

Römer

Recht

Lahaye

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

140

126

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Plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas inject transcription-activator like (TAL) effector proteins that manipulate the hosts' transcriptome to promote disease. However, in some cases plants take advantage of this mechanism to trigger defense responses. For example, transcription of the pepper Bs3 and rice Xa27 resistance (R) genes are specifically activated by the respective TAL effectors AvrBs3 from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), and AvrXa27 from X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Recognition of AvrBs3 was shown to be mediated by interaction with the corresponding UPT (UPregulated by TAL effectors) box UPT AvrBs3 present in the promoter R gene Bs3 from the dicot pepper. In contrast, it was not known how the Xoo TAL effector AvrXa27 transcriptionally activates the matching R gene Xa27 from the monocot rice. Here we identified a 16-bp UPT AvrXa27 box present in the rice Xa27 promoter that when transferred into the Bs3 promoter confers AvrXa27-dependent inducibility. We demonstrate that polymorphisms between the UPT AvrXa27 box of the AvrXa27-inducible Xa27 promoter and the corresponding region of the noninducible xa27 promoter account for their distinct inducibility and affinity, with respect to AvrXa27. Moreover, we demonstrate that three functionally distinct UPT boxes targeted by separate TAL effectors retain their function and specificity when combined into one promoter. Given that many economically important xanthomonads deliver multiple TAL effectors, the engineering of R genes capable of recognizing multiple TAL effectors provides a potential approach for engineering broad spectrum and durable disease resistance.AvrBs3 ͉ AvrXa27 ͉ transcription-activator like effector proteins ͉ Xanthomonas

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Repeat Domain Diversity of avrBs3 -Like Genes in Ralstonia solanacearum Strains and Association with Host Preferences in the Field

Cited by 45 publications

References 20 publications

Ehrlichia chaffeensis TRP120 Binds a G+C-Rich Motif in Host Cell DNA and Exhibits Eukaryotic Transcriptional Activator Function

Ehrlichia chaffeensis TRP120 Binds a G+C-Rich Motif in Host Cell DNA and Exhibits Eukaryotic Transcriptional Activator Function

Novel insights into the genomic basis of citrus canker based on the genome sequences of two strains of Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii

A single plant resistance gene promoter engineered to recognize multiple TAL effectors from disparate pathogens

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