Repair strength dependence on solder protein concentration: A study in laser tissue-welding

Laser soldering of rat skin, using fiberoptic temperature controlled system

“…Laser tissue soldering, using albumin as solder, was introduced in 1988 [1]. It has proved itself as an ef®cient method for enhancing the tensile strength of laser bonding in bladder [3], blood vessels [8], and nerves [9] in animal models and clinical trials [7,10].…”

Near infrared laser-tissue welding using nanoshells as an exogenous absorber

“…These provide a higher viscosity medium to ease application to tissues compared to direct application of the exogenous chromophore. BSA solders have previously been shown to improve weld strengths [28,36,37] a trend observed in our ex vivo study. Excitingly, these welds were generated under light conditions that were incapable of forming any welding union of tissue with BSA solders that did not contain nanoshells.…”

Tissue welding with biodegradable polymer films–demonstration of acute strength reinforcement in vivo

“…Lauto et al noted that the breaking strength of a liquid albumin solder could be improved by increasing the albumin concentration such that the solder turned into a solid [1,2], a finding that was confirmed in our own research [3]. However, the solid solder has technical difficulties associated with its use, including the fact that it becomes dry and brittle during storage [4,5], severely limiting its shelf life compared to liquid albumin solders.…”