Repair of osteochondral defects with a new porous synthetic polymer scaffold

Nagura, Issei; Fujioka, Hiroyuki; Kokubu, Tatsuo; Makino, Takeshi; Sumi, Yôichi; Kurosaka, Masahiro

doi:10.1302/0301-620x.89b2.17754

Cited by 46 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…This would lead to regeneration of cartilage and bone while the PLG scaffold is absorbed. 9,10 In this study, new bone formation was observed in the deep zone of the scaffold at postoperative week 3, and this new bone formation was directly connected to the surrounding bone trabeculae. Because chondrocytes were not observed in the deep zone of the scaffold prior to the direct bone ingrowth, the process of bone ingrowth might be independent of the endochondral ossification sequence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…[5][6][7][8] We have reported that a bioabsorbable synthetic polymer scaffold made of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) can repair osteochondral defects in a rabbit model. 9,10 This bioabsorbable scaffold has the capacity to repair full-thickness osteochondral defects of a critical size without using cultured cells. The efficacy of the scaffold is due to the structural support that it provides and its ability to hold mesenchymal stem cells that erupt from the bone marrow.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Localization of vascular endothelial growth factor during the early stages of osteochondral regeneration using a bioabsorbable synthetic polymer scaffold

Sakata

Kokubu

Nagura

et al. 2011

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in chondrogenic differentiation in the growth plate of the epiphysis. This function is necessary for chondrocyte survival in cartilage development. We investigated the localization of VEGF in the osteochondral regeneration process using a bioabsorbable polymer scaffold. Osteochondral defects (5 mm in diameter and 5 mm in depth) were made on the femoral condyle of forty-eight skeletally mature female Japanese white rabbits. In total, twenty-four defects were filled with poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds and the others were left untreated. The regeneration process was investigated macroscopically, histologically, immunohistochemically, and by gene expression analysis. In the early stages of osteochondral regeneration, bone ingrowth was observed in the deep zone of the scaffold with continuous VEGF expression; cartilage regeneration was observed in the superficial zone of the scaffold with decreased VEGF expression. In contrast, when the defect was left untreated, VEGF localization was observed throughout the entire defect area, and cartilage regeneration at the articular surface was delayed. We conclude that decrease in localization of VEGF at the articular surface in the postoperative early stage is closely related to the progression of cartilage regeneration in osteochondral defects. ß

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of vascular endothelial growth factor during the early stages of osteochondral regeneration using a bioabsorbable synthetic polymer scaffold

Sakata

Kokubu

Nagura

et al. 2011

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…In repairing the full-thickness osteochondral defect, exogenous cells may not be required because bone marrow cells erupted from the bottom of the osteochondral defect have a potential to differentiate to cartilage and bone, when the osteochondral defect was treated with the optimal scaffold combined with several factors: multiphasic bioabsorbable scaffold containing both the region for bone repairing and the region for cartilage repairing [5], amorphous calcium phosphate/poly (L-lactic acid) combined with fibroblast growth factor [8], hyaluronan-and polyesterbased scaffolds [17], a composite of interconnected porous hydroxyapatite and synthetic polymer combined with bone morphogenetic protein-2 [18] and synthetic PLG scaffold [14]. In this study, we demonstrated that the PLG scaffolds II and III, which are of higher porosity than scaffold I, are able to repair full-thickness osteochondral defects of a critical size with a single material (cultured cell-free model).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is speculated that an osteochondral defect of a critical size cannot be filled with reparative tissue and has deleterious effects leading to the creation of a large defect in the subchondral bone. Therefore, we have developed a new bioabsorbable scaffold made from a synthetic polymer, poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) [14]. The PLG scaffold has multiple pores, to which the erupted bone marrow cells can attach, and has the possibility to repair the full-thickness osteochondral defects of a critical size made in a rabbit without using the cultured cells, thus preventing the collapse of the surrounding articular cartilage and subchondral bone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of porosity and mechanical property of a synthetic polymer scaffold on repair of osteochondral defects

Ikeda

Fujioka

Nagura

et al. 2008

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

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We have made three types of poly (DL-lactide-coglycolide) (PLG) scaffolds (porosity: scaffold I 80±0.9%, II 85±0.8%, III 92±0.7%; compression module determined with 10% strain: scaffold I 0.26 MPa, II 0.091 MPa, III 0.0047 MPa). Osteochondral defects made in the femoral condyle of rabbits were treated with these scaffolds and the possibilities of cartilage repair were investigated histologically. At post-operative weeks 6 and 12, histological scores in the groups of scaffolds II and III were significantly higher than the score in the group of scaffold I. Scaffolds II and III, which have higher porosity than scaffold I, allow better migration of bone marrow cells and better replacement of the scaffold with bone and cartilage than scaffold I. This study suggests that higher porosity allowing bone marrow cells to migrate to the scaffold is important in repairing osteochondral defects.Résumé Nous avons réalisé trois types de montage PLG (DL lactide co glycolide) avec des porosités différentes (montage I à 0,9%, montage II à 87 ,8%, montage III 0,7%). Avec le module de compression a été imposée une tension de 10% avec 0,26 MPa au niveau de la pièce I, 0,091 Mpa en montage II et 0,0047 MPa en montage III). Un defect ostéochondral réalisé dans le condyle fémoral d'un lapin a été traité par ces trois procédés avec une possibilité de réparation cartilagineuse. Cette possibilité a été évaluée histologiquement. A 6 et 12 semaines postopératoires, le score histologique dans les groupes II et III sont significativement plus élevés que dans le groupe I. Les pièces II et III qui ont une plus grande porosité que la I permettent une meilleure migration des cellules de la moelle osseuse et une meilleure réparation de l'os et du cartilage que dans le montage I. Cette étude nous permet de penser qu'une porosité plus importante permet la migration plus facile de ces cellules de moelle osseuse lors de la réparation des défects ostéochondraux.

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“…Degradation by-products has been shown to elicit inflammatory response and decreased pH level [98] Mechanical stiffness can sometimes be undesirable [196] Hydrophobicity [196] [197]; [198]; [199]; [197]; [200]; [201]; [202]; [203]; [204]; [205];;…”

Section: Flexibility In Degradation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioengineering of Articular Cartilage: Past, Present and Future

Felimban

Moulton

et al. 2013

Regen. Med.

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The treatment of cartilage defects poses a clinical challenge owing to the lack of intrinsic regenerative capacity of cartilage. The use of tissue engineering techniques to bioengineer articular cartilage is promising and may hold the key to the successful regeneration of cartilage tissue. Natural and synthetic biomaterials have been used to recreate the microarchitecture of articular cartilage through multilayered biomimetic scaffolds. Acellular scaffolds preserve the microarchitecture of articular cartilage through a process of decellularization of biological tissue. Although promising, this technique often results in poor biomechanical strength of the graft. However, biomechanical strength could be improved if biomaterials could be incorporated back into the decellularized tissue to overcome this limitation.

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Repair of osteochondral defects with a new porous synthetic polymer scaffold

Cited by 46 publications

References 18 publications

Localization of vascular endothelial growth factor during the early stages of osteochondral regeneration using a bioabsorbable synthetic polymer scaffold

Localization of vascular endothelial growth factor during the early stages of osteochondral regeneration using a bioabsorbable synthetic polymer scaffold

The effect of porosity and mechanical property of a synthetic polymer scaffold on repair of osteochondral defects

Bioengineering of Articular Cartilage: Past, Present and Future

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