Repair of Critical-Sized Rat Calvarial Defects With Three-Dimensional Hydroxyapatite-Gelatin Scaffolds and Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells

Abstract

IntroductionThe repair of critical-sized defects (CSDs) are one of the most challenging orthopedic problems and the attempts for development of an ideal scaffold for treatment of large bone defect are ongoing.AimThe aim of this study was the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite-gelatin seeded with bone marrow stromal cells construct for healing of critical-sized bone defect in vivo.Material and MethodsIn this experimental study, the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were isolated by flushing method. For in vitro study, the cells were seeded on the scaffold and the cell viability as well as cytotoxicity were tested by MTT and LDH specific activity. The scaffold-cell construct was implanted into the critical-sized bone defect created in calvaria of Wistar male rats.15 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=5), group 1 (control group): Injury without transplantation, group 2: implanted with hydroxyapatite-gelatin scaffold, group 3: hydroxyapatite-gelatin scaffold seeded with BMSCs. At different days post-implantation, the implanted site was collected and the bone healing was evaluated through H&E and Masson’s Trichrome staining. ANOVA and paired t-test were used for data comparison and P<0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe results of MTT showed that the scaffold has no toxic effects on stromal cells. The first signs of ossification in hydroxyapatite-gelatin with BMSCs cells group appeared in the first week. However, in the fourth week, ossification was completed and the scaffold remaining was found as embedded islands in the spongy bone tissue. The greatest number of lymphocytes in the experimental group was observed after one week of planting scaffold.ConclusionHydroxyapatite-gelatin scaffold coated with BMSCs cells has a potential role in the healing process of bone and would be a possible new therapeutic strategy to repair extensive bone lesions.

Evaluation of the Use of an Inorganic Bone Matrix in the Repair of Bone Defects in Rats Submitted to Experimental Alcoholism

“…This fact may be correlated to the impact of ethanol on activities of the immune system, leading to changes in the phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear cells. Thus, the persistence of particles may also have contributed to the delayed new formation in later periods compared to blood clot filling [44].…”

Synthesis and Evaluation of BMMSC-seeded BMP-6/nHAG/GMS Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration

“…A critical-sized defect was originally defined as the smallest intraosseous wound in a particular bone and species of animal that cannot heal spontaneously during the lifetime of the animal 42. It was reported that BMMSCs seeded on scaffolds can secrete a matrix that promotes new bone formation 43. With this in mind, BMMSCs were seeded on nHAG/GMS and BMP-6/nHAG/GMS scaffolds, and then implanted into well-established critical-sized defects in rats.…”

Human Olfactory Mucosa Stem Cells Delivery Using a Collagen Hydrogel: As a Potential Candidate for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…The olfactory mucosa also contains multipotent cells in the lamina propria with neuronal and mesenchymal properties. These stem cells have been considered as a new family of MSCs due to their easy accessibility and autologous grafting ability [ 17 , 18 ] to solve immune system rejection and ethical issues in clinical trials [ 19 ].…”

“…OE-MSCs have been successfully used for nerve regeneration [ 22 , 23 ]. Due to its capacity to osteocyte [ 17 ], It can be appropriate sources for in vivo study of bone regeneration. However, no comprehensive research has been performed on OE-MSCs and their application in vivo condition for bone tissue engineering.…”