Repair of a genetically-caused defect in oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster by transplantation of cytoplasm from wild-type eggs and by injection of pyrimidine nucleosides

Okada, Masahisa; Kleinman, I.A.; Schneiderman, Howard A.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(74)90169-9

Cited by 31 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although the act of transmission resides with females, the ultimate result of this transmission is evident in the sterile testes of D. paulistorum hybrid males. We note here the impressive new, eminently applicable, technique described by Okada et al (1974aOkada et al ( , 1974b, involving the transfer by injection of polar cytoplasm. We have, as yet, been unable to grow the D. paulistorum MLO in vitro (Ehrman and Ramos 1973).…”

Section: Figs 4 Andmentioning

confidence: 88%

Pole Cells of Drosophila paulistorum Embryologic Differentiation with Symbionts

Daniels¹

1975

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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The pole cells of young D. paulistorum embryos are destined to form the germinal cells of both male and female imagoes. In addition, specialized portions of the midgut may be derived from pole cell progenitors. In this initial study of their embryogenesis by means of electron microscopy, various stages of pole cell development are shown in both non-hybrid (potentially fertile) and intersemispecific hybrid (potentially sterile as males) materials. Originally, approximately 5 or 6 cells emerge to form the early polar cap and subsequently divide asynchronously until the 35-50 cells of the late polar cap are derived. Unlike other Drosophila species, however, mycoplasma-like symbionts, apparently an hereditary infection, have been traced to locations within the cytoplasm of these pole cells. They are depicted as arriving there after transmission via the egg cytoplasm, implicating this as their probable route of entry into the future germinal tissues of adult flies. It is postulated that these microorganisms function as an infectious reproductive isolating mechanism fostering hybrid male sterility between D. paulistorum semispecies.

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Section: Figs 4 Andmentioning

confidence: 88%

Pole Cells of Drosophila paulistorum Embryologic Differentiation with Symbionts

Daniels¹

1975

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…The posterior pole of Drosophila eggs contains material that is structurally and functionally similar to anuran germ plasm (Mahowald and Hennen 1971) (called pole plasm in Drosophila). Drosophila pole plasm is inherited by PGCs during the early stages of development, and it has been shown to function directly as a determinant of germ cells (Illmensee and Mahowald 1974;Okada et al 1974). More recently, at least one homologous molecule has been identified in the germ (pole) plasm of Drosophila and Xenopus (nanos-XCAT2; Mosquera et al 1993;Forbes and Lehmann 1998).…”

Section: Evolution Of Germ Cell Determining Mechanisms In Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of predetermined germ cells in vertebrate embryos: implications for macroevolution

Johnson

Drum

Bachvarova

et al. 2003

Evolution and Development

112

111

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The germ line is established in animal embryos with the formation of primordial germ cells (PGCs), which give rise to gametes. Therefore, the need to form PGCs can act as a developmental constraint by inhibiting the evolution of embryonic patterning mechanisms that compromise their development. Conversely, events that stabilize the PGCs may liberate these constraints. Two modes of germ cell determination exist in animal embryos: (a) either PGCs are predetermined by the inheritance of germ cell determinants (germ plasm) or (b) PGCs are formed by inducing signals secreted by embryonic tissues (i.e., regulative determination). Surprisingly, among the major extant amphibian lineages, one mechanism is found in urodeles and the other in anurans. In anuran amphibians PGCs are predetermined by germ plasm; in urodele amphibians PGCs are formed by inducing signals. To determine which mechanism is ancestral to the tetrapod lineage and to understand the pattern of inheritance in higher vertebrates, we used a phylogenetic approach to analyze basic morphological processes in both groups and correlated these with mechanisms of germ cell determination. Our results indicate that regulative germ cell determination is a property of embryos retaining ancestral embryological processes, whereas predetermined germ cells are found in embryos with derived morphological traits. These correlations suggest that regulative germ cell formation is an important developmental constraint in vertebrate embryos, acting before the highly conserved pharyngula stage. Moreover, our analysis suggests that germ plasm has evolved independently in several lineages of vertebrate embryos.

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Partial rescue of dorsal , a maternal effect mutation affecting the dorso-ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo, by the injection of wild-type cytoplasm

Santamarı́a

Nüsslein‐Volhard

1983

The EMBO Journal

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Mutant alleles at the maternal effect locus dorsal cause a dorsalization of the Drosophila embryo. In extreme mutants, the embryos develop exclusively structures which derive from the dorsal‐most region in normal eggs, in less strong phenotypes in addition to dorsal structures, structures normally derived from a dorso‐lateral to lateral egg region are formed. Injection of cytoplasm from wild‐type embryos into mutant embryos partially restores the dorso‐ventral pattern in that injected embryos develop additional structures never formed in uninjected control embryos or embryos injected with mutant cytoplasm. The phenotype of injected embryos resembles that of weaker alleles at the dorsal locus indicating that the wild‐type cytoplasm partially rescues the mutant phenotype. The response of the mutant embryos is restricted to the site of injection and occurs only when cytoplasm is injected into the ventral and not into the dorsal side of mutant embryos. The rescuing activity appears to be equally distributed in cleavage stage wild‐type embryos, whereas, in syncytial blastoderm embryos, cytoplasm from the ventral side is about twice as effective as that taken from the dorsal side.

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Repair of a genetically-caused defect in oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster by transplantation of cytoplasm from wild-type eggs and by injection of pyrimidine nucleosides

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

Pole Cells of Drosophila paulistorum Embryologic Differentiation with Symbionts

Pole Cells of Drosophila paulistorum Embryologic Differentiation with Symbionts

Evolution of predetermined germ cells in vertebrate embryos: implications for macroevolution

Partial rescue of dorsal , a maternal effect mutation affecting the dorso-ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo, by the injection of wild-type cytoplasm

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