Reoccurrence of botulinum neurotoxin subtype A3 inducing food-borne botulism, Slovakia, 2015

Maďarová, Lucia; Dorner, Brigitte G.; Schaade, Lars; Donáth, Vladimír; Maria, Andrea De; Fatkulinová, Milota; Strhársky, Jozef; Sedliačiková, Ivana; Klement, Cyril; Dorner, Martin B.

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.32.30591

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In addition, it constitutes the first foodborne botulism outbreak involving different federal states in Germany since the introduction of the mandatory reporting of botulism in 2001. Even if commercial food products are distributed to several countries, outbreaks of botulism in the EU are usually limited to a single country and individual cases ( 19 , 28 , 35 , 36 ). Even worldwide we could only identify two cross-national outbreaks ( 37 , 38 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the German cases, stool and serum samples were sent to the German national Consultant Laboratory for Neurotoxin-producing Clostridia (botulism, tetanus) (CL-NTC) located at the Robert Koch Institute (RKI). Serum was tested by mouse bioassays (MBA) for the presence of BoNTs, while PCR-based analyses for bont and ntnh (non-toxin non-hemagglutinin; a surrogate marker for BoNT-producing Clostridium species) genes were performed on the stool samples after anaerobic enrichment culture ( 26 – 28 ). Food samples were analyzed by the State Investigatory Office (LUA) in Koblenz (Rhineland-Palatinate), the Chemical and Veterinary Investigatory Offices (CVUA) in Stuttgart and Karlsruhe (both Baden-Württemberg), and the CL-NTC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First cross-border outbreak of foodborne botulism in the European Union associated with the consumption of commercial dried roach (Rutilus rutilus)

Hendrickx

Martínez

Contzen

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Botulism outbreaks due to commercial products are extremely rare in the European Union. Here we report on the first international outbreak of foodborne botulism caused by commercial salt-cured, dried roach (Rutilus rutilus). Between November and December 2016, an outbreak of six foodborne botulism type E cases from five unrelated households was documented in Germany and Spain. The outbreak involved persons of Russian and Kazakh backgrounds, all consumed unheated salt-cured, dried roach—a snack particularly favored in Easter-European countries. The implicated food batches had been distributed by an international wholesaler and were recalled from Europe-wide outlets of a supermarket chain and other independent retailers. Of interest, and very unlike to other foodborne disease outbreaks which usually involves a single strain or virus variant, different Clostridium botulinum strains and toxin variants could be identified even from a single patient's sample. Foodborne botulism is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease and almost exclusively involves home-made or artisan products and thus, outbreaks are limited to individual or few cases. As a consequence, international outbreaks are the absolute exception and this is the first one within the European Union. Additional cases were likely prevented by a broad product recall, underscoring the importance of timely public health action. Challenges and difficulties on the diagnostic and epidemiological level encountered in the outbreak are highlighted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First cross-border outbreak of foodborne botulism in the European Union associated with the consumption of commercial dried roach (Rutilus rutilus)

Hendrickx

Martínez

Contzen

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

Self Cite

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“…The first BoNT/A3-producing strain, known as the Loch Maree strain, was identified in 1922 in association with a foodborne botulism outbreak in Scotland (Leighton, 1922) and was considered to be unique. However, additional BoNT/A3 strains were isolated decades later in Argentina (Luquez et al, 2012) and recently there was an isolation of a BoNT/A3 strain in connection with a foodborne case in Slovakia (Mad'arova et al, 2017). C. parabotulinum strains containing bont/A4, bont/A5, bont/A6, bont/A7, and bont/A8 genes are all quite rare and have the commonality of source locations in the northern hemisphere.…”

Section: Distributions Of Bont-producing C Parabotulinum Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distinctive Evolution of orfX Clostridium parabotulinum Strains and Their Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A and F Gene Clusters Is Influenced by Environmental Factors and Gene Interactions via Mobile Genetic Elements

et al. 2021

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Of the seven currently known botulinum neurotoxin-producing species of Clostridium, C. parabotulinum, or C. botulinum Group I, is the species associated with the majority of human botulism cases worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis of these bacteria reveals a diverse species with multiple genomic clades. The neurotoxins they produce are also diverse, with over 20 subtypes currently represented. The existence of different bont genes within very similar genomes and of the same bont genes/gene clusters within different bacterial variants/species indicates that they have evolved independently. The neurotoxin genes are associated with one of two toxin gene cluster types containing either hemagglutinin (ha) genes or orfX genes. These genes may be located within the chromosome or extrachromosomal elements such as large plasmids. Although BoNT-producing C parabotulinum bacteria are distributed globally, they are more ubiquitous in certain specific geographic regions. Notably, northern hemisphere strains primarily contain ha gene clusters while southern hemisphere strains have a preponderance of orfX gene clusters. OrfX C. parabotulinum strains constitute a subset of this species that contain highly conserved bont gene clusters having a diverse range of bont genes. While much has been written about strains with ha gene clusters, less attention has been devoted to those with orfX gene clusters. The recent sequencing of 28 orfX C. parabotulinum strains and the availability of an additional 91 strains for analysis provides an opportunity to compare genomic relationships and identify unique toxin gene cluster characteristics and locations within this species subset in depth. The mechanisms behind the independent processes of bacteria evolution and generation of toxin diversity are explored through the examination of bacterial relationships relating to source locations and evidence of horizontal transfer of genetic material among different bacterial variants, particularly concerning bont gene clusters. Analysis of the content and locations of the bont gene clusters offers insights into common mechanisms of genetic transfer, chromosomal integration, and development of diversity among these genes.

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„Wurstgift“ im Fisch

Beck,

Müller,

Hell

et al. 2024

DGNeurologie

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Reoccurrence of botulinum neurotoxin subtype A3 inducing food-borne botulism, Slovakia, 2015

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

First cross-border outbreak of foodborne botulism in the European Union associated with the consumption of commercial dried roach (Rutilus rutilus)

First cross-border outbreak of foodborne botulism in the European Union associated with the consumption of commercial dried roach (Rutilus rutilus)

The Distinctive Evolution of orfX Clostridium parabotulinum Strains and Their Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A and F Gene Clusters Is Influenced by Environmental Factors and Gene Interactions via Mobile Genetic Elements

„Wurstgift“ im Fisch

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