“…The Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI), to encourage the development of low-energy buildings, launched a net zero energy target, for all new homes to be built to net zero by 2030. A large number of zero energy houses (ZEHs) feature on-site renewable energy resources and higher thermal insulation levels when compared to the current energy efficiency standards [ 1 , 2 ]. Integration of on-site renewable energy resources, and growing electrification of building energy consumption, play key roles in achieving ZEH in the operational stage.…”