Renin, Cortisol, and Aldosterone During Transcendental Meditation

Michaels, Ruth; Parra, Juana González; McCann, Daisy S.; Vander, Arthur J.

doi:10.1097/00006842-197902000-00006

Cited by 47 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Green and Green (1987) found no decreases in cortisol across a brief 20-minute relaxation or visualization session, although they did not utilize a control group. Likewise, in a study of cortisol outcomes across a meditation intervention, Michaels et al (1979) noted an initial increase in cortisol in a rest-only control group. In light of these findings, it is possible that group sizes, characteristics of control conditions, and the short-term nature of the intervention may have disguised cortisol effects that have been shown in longer term stress-reduction interventions (Bernstein et al, 2000;Grossman et al, 2004;Matousek et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of guided relaxation on cortisol and affect: Stress reactivity as a moderator

2016

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Stress-reduction interventions have been linked with enhanced well-being and health. This study examined affect and cortisol in 111 individuals randomly assigned to a single 35-minute guided relaxation or a stress management lecture control group. Positive affect increased more in the relaxation compared to the control group ( F = 6.62, p = .01). Dispositional stress reactivity had a moderating influence ( R = .248, p < .001), such that individuals high in stress reactivity showed highest increases in positive affect to the relaxation. Results indicate that a single guided relaxation intervention improves positive affect among individuals high in stress reactivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of guided relaxation on cortisol and affect: Stress reactivity as a moderator

2016

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“…A reduction in both glucocorticoids and oxidative stress has been documented in people who practice meditation regularly. Hormonal reactions to stressors, in particular plasma cortisol levels, are lower in people who meditate than in people who do not [31–36], suggesting that it is possible to modulate the neuroendocrine system through neurological pathways. Analysis of oxidative stress levels in people who meditate indicated that transcendental meditation, Zen meditation and Yoga correlate with lower oxidative stress levels [37–43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diaphragmatic Breathing Reduces Exercise‐Induced Oxidative Stress

Martarelli

Cocchioni

Scuri

et al. 2011

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Diaphragmatic breathing is relaxing and therapeutic, reduces stress, and is a fundamental procedure of Pranayama Yoga, Zen, transcendental meditation and other meditation practices. Analysis of oxidative stress levels in people who meditate indicated that meditation correlates with lower oxidative stress levels, lower cortisol levels and higher melatonin levels. It is known that cortisol inhibits enzymes responsible for the antioxidant activity of cells and that melatonin is a strong antioxidant; therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of diaphragmatic breathing on exercise-induced oxidative stress and the putative role of cortisol and melatonin hormones in this stress pathway. We monitored 16 athletes during an exhaustive training session. After the exercise, athletes were divided in two equivalent groups of eight subjects. Subjects of the studied group spent 1 h relaxing performing diaphragmatic breathing and concentrating on their breath in a quiet place. The other eight subjects, representing the control group, spent the same time sitting in an equivalent quite place. Results demonstrate that relaxation induced by diaphragmatic breathing increases the antioxidant defense status in athletes after exhaustive exercise. These effects correlate with the concomitant decrease in cortisol and the increase in melatonin. The consequence is a lower level of oxidative stress, which suggests that an appropriate diaphragmatic breathing could protect athletes from long-term adverse effects of free radicals.

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“…[15][16][17] "On Transcendental Meditation, the cortisol levels was a significant drop in the yoga group, mainly due to decrease release of stress hormone "cortisol" from adrenal cortex. [18][19][20][21][22] The practice of "asanas" relaxes the muscles and joints which influences the hemodynamic mechanism, thereby improving blood circulation to vital organs. This may also activate the neuro-endocrine axis which is important in facing physical and mental stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of yoga on salivary cortisol in medical student

et al. 2016

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INTRODUCTIONOver the decade, hundreds of studies have specifically focused on the effects of stressors on cortisol activation. The process by which this regulation is achieved is complex and our understanding of it has evolved markedly over the last century. Physical stressors, psychological stressors are capable of activating the HPA axis; a number of studies have reported that laboratory tasks can increase cortisol levels.1 Salivary cortisol offers a non-invasive and stress-free alternative to serum. In the last few years, saliva analysis has been a useful method of choice for hormone analyses. Numerous articles have described the use of saliva for analytical purposes in clinical investigations (i.e. in the field of endocrinology, neuroendocrinology) and in physiological research. 2A growing body of research evidence supports the belief that certain yoga techniques may improve physical and mental health through down-regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The HPA axis and ABSTRACT Background: Yoga is a spiritual discipline for the development of a state of mental and physical health, well-being, it has also been used clinically as a therapeutic intervention. This study observes the effects of yoga poses on salivary cortisol. Salivary cortisol is potential biomarker of psychological stress. Nonetheless, psychobiological mechanisms stimulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) can only indirectly be assessed by salivary cortisol measures. The unlike instances that control HPAA sensitivity (e.g.-hippocampus, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenals) and their respective modulators, receptors, or binding proteins possibly will all have an effect on salivary cortisol measures. Possible fundamental mechanisms proposed leading to enhanced vagal activity and decrease cortisol. The drop in cortisol, sequentially, may give positive outcome. Methods: Healthy medical student volunteers (N=40), males and females, ranged in age from 18 to 25 years (mean age: 23.3years), participated in the present study. They are divided in two groups one is Yoga Group and second is Control Group. Each group consist 20 subjects. Morning saliva samples were collected of both groups. Levels of cortisol in the saliva samples were determined and compared with levels in comparison samples of saliva obtained after three-month of yoga practice. Results: In all subjects who received yoga (n=20), the change in salivary cortisol level was significant (10.27±2.54 ng/ml; 4.023±1.82ng/ml; P= 0.00); it was not so in those who were not practicing yoga (11.43±3.77ng/ml; 10.27±2.54 ng/ml; P=0.06). Salivary cortisol level significantly decreased and reacted positively to yoga practicing subjects. Conclusions: The effort of comparing the effects of yoga on salivary cortisol seems to indicate that it is a promising modality for stress management. Everyone should practice yoga for stress management to improve their day today life because yoga as one of the approaches of stress reduction.

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Renin, Cortisol, and Aldosterone During Transcendental Meditation

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of guided relaxation on cortisol and affect: Stress reactivity as a moderator

The effect of guided relaxation on cortisol and affect: Stress reactivity as a moderator

Diaphragmatic Breathing Reduces Exercise‐Induced Oxidative Stress

Effect of yoga on salivary cortisol in medical student

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