Renewal after the punishment of free operant behavior.

Bouton, Mark E.; Schepers, Scott T.

doi:10.1037/xan0000051

Cited by 51 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Shahan and Sweeney (2011) have also emphasized the potentially disruptive effects of presenting reinforcers during Phase 2 in the resurgence design. However, Bouton and Trask (2015, Experiment 3) found that presentation of an O2 reinforcer noncontingently in extinction after operant conditioning with O1 actually augmented, rather than suppressed, responding relative to a group that received no extra reinforcers (see also Baker, 1990; Rescorla & Skucy, 1969; Winterbauer & Bouton, 2011). Such results suggest that the presence of noncontingent reinforcers on their own does not necessarily suppress operant responding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Discriminative properties of the reinforcer can be used to attenuate the renewal of extinguished operant behavior

Trask

Bouton

2015

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Previous research on the resurgence effect suggests that reinforcers that are presented during the extinction of an operant behavior can control inhibition of the response. To further test this hypothesis, three experiments with rat subjects examined the effectiveness of using reinforcers that were presented during extinction as a means of attenuating or inhibiting the operant renewal effect. In Experiment 1, lever pressing was reinforced in Context A, extinguished in Context B, and then tested in Context A. Renewal of responding that occurred during the final test was attenuated when a distinct reinforcer that had been presented independent of responding during extinction was also presented during the renewal test. Experiment 2 established that this effect depended on the reinforcer being featured as a part of extinction (and thus associated with response inhibition). Experiment 3 then found that the reinforcers presented during extinction suppressed performance in both the extinction and renewal contexts; the effects of the physical and reinforcer contexts were additive. Together, the results further suggest that reinforcers associated with response inhibition can serve a discriminative role in suppressing behavior and may be an effective stimulus that can attenuate operant relapse.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This is the case even when the contexts are matched for associative history (Todd, 2013). Renewal has also been shown when the response has been eliminated through punishment, rather than extinction (Bouton & Schepers, 2015; Marchant, Khuc, Pickens, Bonci, & Shaham, 2013). …”

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confidence: 99%

Discriminative properties of the reinforcer can be used to attenuate the renewal of extinguished operant behavior

Trask

Bouton

2015

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“…The chambers have been described elsewhere (e.g., (Bouton & Schepers, 2015), with operant manipulanda removed). Each was housed in its own sound attenuation chamber, and all were of the same design (Med Associates model: ENV-008-VP).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the acquisition of contextual fear at long or short context-shock intervals.

Hammack¹,

Todd²,

Kocho-Schellenberg³

et al. 2015

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Rats received NMDA lesions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and then ten aversive conditioning trials in which exposure to a context was paired with footshock. For half the animals, shock was presented one minute after the onset of each context exposure; for the other half, shock was presented after 10 minutes. With the one-min context duration, aversive conditioning (measured by freezing) was unaffected by BNST lesion. In contrast, at the 10-min duration, lesioned animals froze substantially less than sham controls. When one-minute-conditioned animals were left in the context for 10 minutes, freezing that was evident (though declining) throughout the test was not affected by the BNST lesion. When freezing over 10 mins was similarly examined in the 10-min-conditioned animals, BNST lesions caused a deficit that was consistently evident over time. The results indicate that the BNST is involved in aversive conditioning to long-duration, but not merely contextual, conditional stimuli. Results may be less consistent with the view that BNST becomes activated after prolonged fear than the view that it is involved when a cue’s onset has a remote temporal relation to shock.

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“…Like renewal of extinguished alcohol seeking, we found that punished alcohol seeking renews in context A after punishment-imposed suppression of alcohol taking in context B (Marchant et al, 2013). In addition, renewal of food seeking after punishment-imposed abstinence was recently demonstrated (Bouton & Schepers, 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical role of nucleus accumbens dopamine D1-family receptors in renewal of alcohol seeking after punishment-imposed abstinence.

Marchant¹,

Kaganovsky²

2015

Behavioral Neuroscience

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In humans, places or contexts previously associated with alcohol use often provoke relapse during abstinence. This phenomenon is modeled in laboratory animals using the ABA renewal procedure, where alcohol seeking that is suppressed with extinction training in a context (B) renews when the animal returns to the original training context (A). However, extinction training does not adequately capture the motivation for abstinence in human alcoholics who typically self-initiate abstinence due to the negative consequences of excessive use. We recently developed a procedure to study renewal in laboratory rats after abstinence is imposed by negative consequences (footshock punishment). The mechanisms of renewal of punished alcohol seeking are largely unknown. Here we used the D1-family receptor antagonist SCH 23390 to examine the role of nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and core dopamine in renewal of alcohol seeking after punishment-imposed abstinence. We trained alcohol preferring ‘P rats’ to self-administer 20% alcohol in context A and subsequently suppressed alcohol taking via response-contingent footshock punishment in context B. We tested the effects of systemic, NAc shell, or NAc core injections of SCH 23390 on renewal of alcohol seeking after punishment-imposed abstinence. We found that both systemic and NAc shell and core injections of SCH 23390 decreased renewal of punished alcohol seeking. Our results demonstrate a critical role of NAc dopamine in renewal of alcohol seeking after punishment-imposed abstinence. We discuss these results in reference to the brain mechanisms of renewal of alcohol seeking after extinction versus punishment.

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Renewal after the punishment of free operant behavior.

Cited by 51 publications

References 42 publications

Discriminative properties of the reinforcer can be used to attenuate the renewal of extinguished operant behavior

Discriminative properties of the reinforcer can be used to attenuate the renewal of extinguished operant behavior

Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the acquisition of contextual fear at long or short context-shock intervals.

A critical role of nucleus accumbens dopamine D1-family receptors in renewal of alcohol seeking after punishment-imposed abstinence.

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