Renewable Vanillin-Based Thermoplastic Polybutadiene Rubber: High Strength, Recyclability, Self-Welding, Shape Memory, and Antibacterial Properties

Abstract

The vast majority of traditional vulcanized rubber products are insoluble and infusible, which is difficult to reprocess and biodegrade, resulting in black pollution. In addition, although most rubber materials based on covalent adaptive networks (CANs) can achieve structural reconstruction, the lack of traditional vulcanization system leads to a decline in strength. In this study, biobased vanillin derivatives (PV) were synthesized to cross-link the commercially available 1,2-polybutadiene rubber precursor to construct imine-based CANs, thereby fabricating a resource-renewable, recyclable, and degradable high-performance rubber material. Due to the rigid tripod structure of the PV, the tensile strength of the material can achieve as high as 16.24 MPa, ranking among the best in the field of recyclable polybutadienebased materials. Benefiting from the dynamic imine unit, the "dynamic covalent bridge" can be re-established to repair the damaged network and endow the material with excellent weldability. And, shape memory faculty of the material was proved and depicted. Moreover, this material displayed excellent antibacterial property originates from the introduced Schiff-base structure. By mixing with graphene, the application of action sensors can also be achieved.

Durable and Nontoxic Natural Rubber-Based Composites with Antibacterial Properties

“…Finally, the settling whiskers were filtered and dried to obtain the test sample. The formula of the activation index is as follows (1) where W 0 is the original weight of the whiskers and W t is the weight after settlement.…”

“…The pandemic has caused global health and economic crises. Consequently, common citizens are realizing the importance of prophylactic measures. − Active prophylactic measures using natural rubber latex (NRL) can protect humans from several diseases. For example, wearing certain types of respirators (N95 masks) and medical latex gloves can reduce the chances of contracting viral or bacterial infections.…”

Synthesis of Renewable, Recyclable, Degradable Thermosets Endowed with Highly Branched Polymeric Structures and Reinforced with Carbon Fibers

“…Bio-based thermosets that consist of biogenic carbons can be a solution because their use can reduce fossil fuel consumption and the carbon footprint . In particular, with the help of dynamic covalent chemistry, they are reprocessable and chemically recyclable; thus, they constitute bio-based covalent adaptable networks. , A variety of biomasses have been exploited for this purpose: vegetable oils − (including vanillin, − eugenol, , and cardanol , ), natural acids, − flavonoids, , and biopolymers, for example, polysaccharides, natural resins, and lignins. − Most of them contain β-hydroxy ester bonds that are commonly derived from epoxide, promoting transesterification due to the presence of free hydroxyl groups adjacent to the esters . Moreover, dynamic covalent bonds such as imine, disulfide, hindered urea, , acetal, boronic ester, and carbamate have been applied to build renewable dynamic networks.…”

Preparation of functionalized diene-elastomers upon top-down pyrolysis of their vulcanizates via dynamic covalent polymerization

“…To address this issue, great efforts have been made to decorate the rubber matrix with various functional handles, mainly via the copolymerization of olefins with functional monomers 1 or post-modification of the rubber skeleton, 2 for the purpose of achieving the intrinsic functionalization of rubbers. Hitherto, various kinds of functional handle, including carboxyl, 3 hydroxyl, 4 epoxy, 5 amino, 6 ester, 7 cyano, 8 amide, 9 alkoxy, 10 and ureidopyrimidinone, 11 have been successfully introduced into the main/side chains of the rubber skeleton, leading to a series of novel applications of the obtained functionalized rubbers with respect to self-reinforcing, 12 self-healing 13 and shape memory materials, 14 dielectric elastomers, 15 and coupling agents. 16 In our previous studies, several functional handles, including maleic anhydride and triazolinedione, were also grafted onto commercial rubber skeletons, for the purpose of delivering multiple hydrogen-bonded linkages and hence self-healing and shape memory functions to the system.…”