Renewable Surface Carbon‐composite Electrode Bulk Modified with GQD‐RuCl₃ Nano‐composite for High Sensitive Detection of l‐tyrosine

Abstract

1IntroductionTy rosine or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is av ital constituent of proteins and play important roles in many biochemical processes [1,2].Itisindispensable for humanst oestablish and maintain ap ositive nitrogen balance [2].T yrosine is one of the most important precursors of dopamine,c atecholamine,m elanin, lyothyronine and epinephrine [3].I t has been reported that the unusual concentration levels of tyrosinec ause some humand iseases like tyrosenemia [4],parkinson [5],and psychological ones [6] so the measuring of tyrosine with ar eliable methodi sv ery important from biological and pharmacological stand points.C urrently,d ifferent analytical methodologies have been proposed for tyrosine determination includingh igh performance liquid chromatography [7,8],g as chromatography [9, 10],i on exchange chromatography [11],f luorimetry [12],s pectrophotometry [13],c hemiluminescence [14], and capillary electrophoresis [15] techniques.H owever, these methods are time consuming and expensive.O nt he other hand, electrochemical techniques have somea dvantages such as rapid response,l ow cost and high sensitivity that makes them suitable for routine analysis of electroactive compounds like amino acids [16-18].V arious electrode modifiers like imprinted electrochemical sensor based on gold nanoparticles decorated graphene oxide [19] cobalt hydroxide [20],c opper oxide [21] and Fedoped hydroxyapatite nano-particles [22] have been suggested for l-tyrosine determination.Graphene,atwo dimensional carbon sheet, has attracted considerable attention for use in many fieldss uch as energy storage and sensors due to its large surface area and high electricalc onductivity [23,24].G raphenea nd graphene oxides have been widely used in preparation of the modified electrode for oxidation of methanol [25][26][27] and detection of DNAh ybridization [28],c itrinin [29], curcumin [30],q uercetin and morin [31, 32],g lucose [33], impedimetric [34],o chratoxin A[ 35],a nd Cu(II) and Cd(II) [36].R ecently,g raphene quantum dots (GQDs), as an ew zero dimensional material, has emergeda s apromising material for the development of electrochemical sensors.T ing et al. used GQD-Aue lectrocatalyst for high sensitive detectiono fh eavy metal ions [37].Z hao et al. proposed GQDm odified graphite electrode for sensing of ssDNAm olecules[ 38].In the presenti nvestigation, we describe as imple methodb asedo ns ol-gel technology to prepare renewable surface carbon-composite electrode (CCE) bulk modified with GQD-RuCl 3 nano-compositef or electroanalytical detectiono fl-tyrosine.T he constructed biosensor showed high stabilitya nd good electrocatalytic activity for the detectiono fl-tyrosine.Abstract:T he ability to analytically detect l-tyrosine is ac linicaln ecessity not only for the diagnosis of some diseases such as tyrosinemia, but also for the studyo nvarious tyrosine-associated disorders.I nh ere,g rapheneq uantum dot (GQD) was synthesized by carbonization of citric acid and used to prepareG QD-RuCl 3 nano-composite.G QD and GQD-RuCl 3 we...

Carbon and graphene quantum dots: a review on syntheses, characterization, biological and sensing applications for neurotransmitter determination

“…Therefore, the as-synthesized GQDs also revealed comparatively higher catalytic activities in oxidation of DA and have the potential as the sensor for detecting DA in the concentration range of 3.0-100.0 mM. 139 L-Tyrosine (L-Tyr) concentration was detected using a renewable carbon composite electrode which was modied by GQD-RuCl 3 in a study conducted by Habibi and Heidari (2016). Therefore, GQD has been produced via pyrolysis of the citric acid and consequently utilized in a nanocomposite carbon electrode.…”

“…Moreover, produced sensor displayed a lengthy stability and reasonable selectivity to detect L-Tyr. 140 Hasanzadeh et al in 2016, reported synthesis of a novel nano composite, the Fe 3 O 4 MNP-GQDs to sense a number of amino acids. Moreover, the as-synthesized Fe 3 O 4 MNPs-GQDs and GQDs has been electrodeposited on the GCE through CV approach for the rst time, in the potent ranges between À1.0 and 1.0 V. however results indicated that Fe 3 O 4 MNPs-GQDs lm is capable of accelerating the rate of the electron transfer of the chosen amino acids and had reasonable electrocatalytic activities for the redox reaction of L-cysteine, L-aspartic acid, L-Tyr, and L-phenylalanine.…”

Electrochemical Amino Acid Sensing: A Review on Challenges and Achievements

“…Adding this modifier to a bare GCE led to a sharp promotion in the Tyr oxidation peak current, as shown in Figure 12 C. This enhanced sensitivity is supposed to be a consequence of the significantly high surface area and edge plan-like defects of SWCNHs that provide numerous favorable active sites for electron transfer to occur. In spite of the above-mentioned carbon nanostructures, graphene quantum dots (GQD) have not yet been used alone in Tyr sensing, and they have always been combined with other modifiers such as β-cyclodextrin [ 345 ] and RuCl 3 [ 347 ].…”

A voltammetric sensor based on reduced graphene oxide-hemin-Ag nanocomposites for sensitive determination of tyrosine

“…The limit of detection was calculated to be 30 nM based on the signal-to-noise ratio of 3 using the calibration equation obtained for low concentration range. Note that our proposed rGO-H-Ag/GCE provided a broader linear range than that of SWCNH/GCE (2-30), 29 CuO/Cu 2 O/MWCNTs/GCE (0.2-200), 31 PTH/AGCE (1-250), 33 Naon/TiO 2 -GR/GCE (10-160), 34 GR/GCE (0.8-60), 35 GQD-RuCl 3 /CCE (1-937) 36 and PAMAM/MWCNT/ GCE (0.1-28.8) 37 listed in Table 1. The enhanced performance of the rGO-H-Ag nanocomposites can be ascribed to the large specic surface area, high electrocatalytic activity, good electrical conductivity, fast electron transfer and the synergistic interaction of three components.…”