Renewable Pulverized Biomass Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines

Abstract

Biomass is currently one of the world’s major renewable energy sources. Biomass in a powder form has been recently proposed as the most encouraging of biomass contours, especially because it burns like a gas. In the current study, biomass powder was examined, for the first time, as a direct solid fuel in internal combustion engines. The aim of the current study was to investigate modeling tools for simulation of biomass powder in combustion engines (CE). The biomass powder applied was in a micro-scale size with a typical irregular shape; the powder length was in the range of 75−5800 μm, and the diameter was in the range 30−1380 μm. Different mechanisms for biomass powder drying and devolatilization/gasification were proposed, including different schemes’ and mechanisms’ rate constants. A comparison between the proposed models and experiments was carried out and results showed good matching. Nevertheless, it is important that a biomass powder simulation addresses overlapping/complicated sub-process. During biomass powder combustion, tar was shown to be formed at a rate of 57 wt.%, and, accordingly, the formation and thermal decomposition of tar were modelled in the study, with the results demonstrating that the tar was formed and then disintegrated at temperatures between 700 and 1050 K. Through biomass powder combustion, moisture, tar, and gases were released, mostly from one lateral of particles, which caused ejection of the solid particles. These new phenomena were investigated experimentally and modeled as well. Results also showed that all the proposed models, along with their rate constants, activation energies, and other models’ parameters, were capable of reproducing the mass yields of gases, tar, and char at a wide range of working temperatures. The results showed that the gasification/devolatilization model 3 is somewhat simple and economical in the simulation/computation scheme, however, models 1 and 2 are rather computationally heavy and complicated.

State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines

“…There are different methods or techniques proposed in the literature to reduce emissions from CIE [167][168][169]; however, these are rarely in the SIE. A proposed method to reduce engine pollutant emissions was introduced by Elfasakhany [170,171]. The method is based on reformulating the engine pollutant emissions into new fuels, and then re-using this new fuel in the engine again.…”