Renewable palm oil sticks biomass‐derived unique hierarchical porous carbon nanostructure as sustainability electrode for symmetrical supercapacitor

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional and hierarchical porous materials enriched with 2D nanostructure can boost the electrochemical performance of carbon-based electrodes in the supercapacitor devices. These materials are obtained from novel precursors of palm oil stock biomass. The unique combination of hierarchical and 2D nanostructures was controlled using ZnCl 2 impregnation of 0.3-0.9 mol L −1 with high-temperature pyrolysis.RESULTS: Impregnation with 0.5 mol L −1 ZnCl 2 (POSC5) produced the highest specific surface area with dominant micropores of 89% in a total volume of 0.343 cm 3 g −1 . POSC5 was shown to have an excellent morphological combination of trimodalfoam-sponge-like hierarchical porosity with large messy short 2D nano-rod structures as the optimum carbon preparation. A symmetrical system was designed as a solid electrode without a binder, confirming high capacitive properties of 256 F g −1 in 1 mol L −1 H 2 SO 4 electrolyte with capacitance retention of 76% at 10 mV s −1 . The results showed that the transport and resistance behavior of the charge tends to be stable and satisfactory at an internal resistance of 0.012 Ω, with the energy density increased from 9.14 to 21.19 W h kg −1 at 1 A g −1 in 1 mV s −1 . CONCLUSION: Therefore, this research provides an environmentally benign and novel approach for developing a high-quality, sustainable biomass carbon-based electrode material for electrochemical energy storage applications.

Influence of KHCO3 Activation on Characteristics of Biomass-Derived Carbons for Supercapacitor

“…Moreover, all the activated samples (Figure 2d-l) presented an interlaced 3D honeycomb structure, which could be attributed to the escaping gases from the KHCO3 decomposition and volatile components in raw materials during the activation process [23]. These macropores acted as ion reservoirs to shorten the diffusion distance of the electrolyte ions [24,25]. The XRD patterns of all the samples are displayed in Figure 3.…”

Oxygen-rich hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets derived from the KOH/KNO3 co-activation treatment of soybean straw for high-performance supercapacitors

“…With the addition of KNO 3 , the increased specific surface area created abundant active sites and the expanded porosity provided sufficient ion diffuse and buffered spaces, thereby promoting the specific capacitance. 43 However, the excessive KNO 3 in SSC2-0.7 caused over-etching toward the graphitic planes, leading to their undesirable pore collapse, thus suppressing the specific surface area and porosity (Table 1), reducing the number of active sites and accumulative ion traps. 44 Moreover, suitable oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface can promote the desolvation process of ions through solvent adsorption effect as well, while excessive oxygen-containing functional groups (SSC2-0.7) may block the pore channels, leading to an increase in ion transport resistance.…”

Biocarbon Derived from Seeds of Palmyra Palm Tree for a Supercapacitor Application

“…; Vol. 6, Issue 1, pp: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]2023 potential window between-0.2 V to 1 V as depicted in Fig. 5 (i).…”

“…When compared to conventional storage devices like capacitors, batteries, and supercapacitors with high power density. The longer life-cycle of a supercapacitor is highly reversible, which is due to the charge-storage process when compared to other power storage devices [7], [8]. In the meantime, numerous efforts are ongoing to improve the energy capacity of the supercapacitors using carbon electrode materials.…”