Renewable P sources: P use efficiency of digestate, processed animal manure, compost, biochar and struvite

Nest, Thijs Vanden; Amery, Fien; Fryda, Lydia; Boogaerts, Christophe; Bilbao, Jennifer; Vandecasteele, Bart

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141699

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The PFRV assessed in a standardised pot trial for the SSGM of Batch 1 was 65 ± 14%, which is comparable with the PFRV of 64e66% for composts with a Ca:P ratio >20 (n ¼ 3) and lower than the PFRV between 88 and 100% for composts with a Ca:P ratio <11 (n ¼ 3) (Vanden Nest et al, 2020). The K fertilizer replacement value was not assessed in this trial, but based on the high AmAc-extractable K concentrations (Table S4) above the optimal range of 150e360 mg K/ L substrate, we expect a high K availability for plants.…”

Section: P Fertilizer Replacement Value (Pfrv)mentioning

confidence: 56%

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Grow - Store - Steam - Re-peat: Reuse of spent growing media for circular cultivation of Chrysanthemum

Vandecasteele¹,

Blindeman²,

Amery³

et al. 2020

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Substantially extending the life span of peat-and perlite-based growing media is a measure to increase the sustainability of soilless cultivation. The extraction of peat from pristine peatlands threatens these sensitive ecosystems and carbon sinks, meanwhile resulting in increased emissions of greenhouse gasses. Each batch of peat that is reused, results in a clear reduction in CO 2 emissions and a lower impact on the climate. After using growing media for one cultivation, we aim at reusing the spent material as growing medium for another crop. Spent peat and perlite based growing media from strawberry and cucumber cultivation were upcycled after steam treatment. We tested the effectiveness of steaming to reduce phytosanitary risks. The hygienisation efficiency of the steam treatment was confirmed: plant pathogenic fungi, larvae of vine weevils and weed seeds added or already present before the process were killed by the steam treatment. As the upcycled spent growing medium already contained high nutrient levels, the fertilizer application in the reused growing medium should be reduced, especially for P and K. Five indicators for assessing stability of the materials were used: CO 2 flux measurements, oxygen uptake rate (OUR), biodegradation potential, mineral N content and risk for N immobilization. The spent growing media had a low decomposition rate and the release of nutrients in a leaching experiment was lower than for a fertilized peat-based growing medium, being a reference blend for open field cultivated Chrysanthemum. N mineralisation and P uptake were tested in an incubation and pot trial, respectively, and the upcycled spent growing medium was found to be an important source of plant-available K and P. Steam treatment did not severely affect the microbial biomass and diversity of the spent growing media. Blending the steam-treated spent media with other materials or inoculating by a commercially available biocontrol fungus also had a limited effect, indicating that newly introduced microorganisms do not easily establish in steamed-treated spent growing media (SSGM). Acidification of the SSGM was achieved by a low dose of elemental S. The steam-treated growing medium was tested for growing Chrysanthemum cuttings and plantlets. Spent growing media were not able to supply sufficient mineral N, but the stored amounts of P and K in the media were sufficiently plant available for optimal crop growth.

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Section: P Fertilizer Replacement Value (Pfrv)mentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Method2). The method for the assessment of the P fertilizer replacement value (PFRV) of SSGM1 relative to the P availability in triple superphosphate (45% P 2 O 5 ) and composts is described in Vanden Nest et al (2020) and Suppl. Method2.…”

Section: Leaching Test N Mineralisation and P Fertilizer Replacement Of Ssgm1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Grow - Store - Steam - Re-peat: Reuse of spent growing media for circular cultivation of Chrysanthemum

Vandecasteele¹,

Blindeman²,

Amery³

et al. 2020

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…Calcium is another element that has an effect on the P availability. High dosing of Ca in the wastewater with a Ca:P ratio of 2:1 reduce the P-FEV due to formation of Ca-P compounds such as hydroxylapatite, which has a low solubility, an effect shown when using the sludge to produce compost and biochar (Nest et al, 2021). As mentioned above, solubility of the P crystals are affected by pH and liming increases the plantavailable P in sludge produced from the wastewater treated by Al or Fe salts (Krogstad et al, 2005;Montgomery et al, 2005;Bøen and Haraldsen, 2013).…”

Section: Fertilizer Equivalent Value Of Dps and Dps-derived Strubiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Dairy Processing Sludge and Secondary STRUBIAS Products Used in Agriculture

Khomenko

Shi

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Worldwide dairy processing plants produce high volumes of dairy processing sludge (DPS), which can be converted into secondary derivatives such as struvite, biochar and ash (collectively termed STRUBIAS). All of these products have high fertilizer equivalent values (FEV), but future certification as phosphorus (P)-fertilizers in the European Union will mean they need to adhere to new technical regulations for fertilizing materials i.e., content limits pertaining to heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn), synthetic organic compounds and pathogens. This systematic review presents the current state of knowledge about these bio-based fertilizers and identifies knowledge gaps. In addition, a review and calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from a range of concept dairy sludge management and production systems for STRUBIAS products [i.e., biochar from pyrolysis and hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)] is presented. Results from the initial review showed that DPS composition depends on product type and treatment processes at a given processing plant, which leads to varied nutrient, heavy metal and carbon contents. These products are all typically high in nutrients and carbon, but low in heavy metals. Further work needs to concentrate on examining their pathogenic microorganism and emerging contaminant contents, in addition to conducting an economic assessment of production and end-user costs related to chemical fertilizer equivalents. With respect to STRUBIAS products, contaminants not present in the raw DPS may need further treatment before being land applied in agriculture e.g., heated producing ashes, hydrochar, or biochar. An examination of these products from an environmental perspective shows that their water quality footprint could be minimized using application rates based on P incorporation of these products into nutrient management planning and application by incorporation into the soil. Results from the concept system showed that elimination of methane emissions was possible, along with a reduction in nitrous oxide. Less carbon (C) is transferred to agricultural fields where DPS is processed into biochar and hydrochar, but due to high recalcitrance, the C in this form is retained much longer in the soil, and therefore STRUBIAS products represent a more stable and long-term option to increase soil C stocks and sequestration.

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“…[12][13][14] Bioplastic is a good choice to reduce fossil fuel usage, CO 2 reduction, and petroleum plastic waste. [15][16][17] Biodegradable plastic has gained a lot of attention from society, industries, and researchers. , 18 Due to the fast degradation rate of biopolymers, it limited their applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Renewable biomass such as cellulose, starch, chitosan, and protein are very important for the synthesis of biodegradable plastic 12–14 . Bioplastic is a good choice to reduce fossil fuel usage, CO 2 reduction, and petroleum plastic waste 15–17 . Biodegradable plastic has gained a lot of attention from society, industries, and researchers ,18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green synthesis of biodegradable terpolymer modified starch nanocomposite with carbon nanoparticles for food packaging application

Iqbal

Nadeem

Bano

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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As to control the increased rate of environmental pollution there is an urgent need to develop improved biodegradable materials regarding the old polymeric packaging materials. It has been done by the incorporation of carbon nanomaterials to the biodegradable starch terpolymers of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate (MMA), acrylonitrile (AN), 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), and Ethyl acrylate (EA). The starch-terpolymers were prepared through the free radical polymerization technique using AA, MMA, AN, 2-EHA, EA as monomers. Two different starch-terpolymers were further mixed with carbon nanoparticles (NPs) to form a biodegradable nanocomposite. The biodegradable starch-grafted terpolymers-carbon nanocomposites (STPC NCs) were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter, and UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Further, resistivity, electrical conductivity, and biodegradability tests were performed to check its properties for packing materials. The biodegradation of SGCP-composites recorded using the soil burial method was up to 78%. Starch-terpolymers were prepared via free-radical polymerization The biodegradation capability of starch-grafted terpolymers was found to be 78% Shahid Iqbal and Sohail Nadeem contributed equally

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Renewable P sources: P use efficiency of digestate, processed animal manure, compost, biochar and struvite

Cited by 46 publications

References 36 publications

Grow - Store - Steam - Re-peat: Reuse of spent growing media for circular cultivation of Chrysanthemum

Grow - Store - Steam - Re-peat: Reuse of spent growing media for circular cultivation of Chrysanthemum

Systematic Review of Dairy Processing Sludge and Secondary STRUBIAS Products Used in Agriculture

Green synthesis of biodegradable terpolymer modified starch nanocomposite with carbon nanoparticles for food packaging application

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