Renewable methanol as a fuel for the shipping industry

Svanberg, Martin; Ellis, Joanne; Lundgren, Joakim; Landälv, Ingvar

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.06.058

Cited by 167 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Methanol, one of a major object of C1 chemistry, readily produced from natural gas and coal, is now becoming an important feedstock in industrial organic synthesis 1,2 as well as environmentally friendly motor fuels. 3,4 One of the methanol-based prospective monomers and chemicals is known to be methyl vinyl ether (MVE), mainly manufactured by vinylation of methanol with acetylene. [5][6][7][8] The latter is also an industrially multi-thousand ton raw material, produced both from methane, [9][10][11] coal and biomass (via calcium carbide, CaC 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards C1 chemistry: methanol vinylation by CaC₂ in water in the presence of potassium or sodium carbonates

Паршина

Опарина

Гусарова

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Methyl vinyl ether (MVE), which polymers and copolymers are widely used in industry and medical chemistry, is produced mainly through base‐catalysed vinylation of methanol with acetylene under pressure. The most well‐known and sustainable acetylene source is calcium carbide. Significant economic benefits can be achieved by using calcium carbide as the source of acetylene directly in the industrial production of MVE. RESULTS Eco‐friendly and operationally simple method for vinylation of methanol, one of a major objects of C1 chemistry, using calcium carbide in water in the presence of potassium or sodium carbonates (140–150 °C, 1‐L steel rotating autoclave, maximum autogenic pressure 18–30 atm) has been developed and realized on 10‐g scale. The major co‐product of this reaction is a mixture of calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate with minor content of potassium or sodium carbonates, which can be safely used for improving acidic soils. CONCLUSION Novel efficient method for vinylation of methanol with calcium carbide in water in the presence of alkali metal carbonates has been developed. The method allows avoiding acetylene gas under pressure that demands special equipment and safety measures. The major advantages of this technology are also availability and low cost of the catalysts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards C1 chemistry: methanol vinylation by CaC₂ in water in the presence of potassium or sodium carbonates

Паршина

Опарина

Гусарова

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…One problem in bio-methanol production is the generic challenge of biomass procurement. Although new fossil methanol plants often have a capacity of up to 10,000 t/day, this is an order of magnitude larger than bio-methanol plants can become, with 1,300–2,600 t/day being the maximum attainable in a mature future scenario ( Svanberg et al., 2018 ). This is because for bigger plants, the low energy density of biomass means that an enormous quantity of biomass would need to be collected from vast areas and transported over long distances, which is uneconomical ( Olah and Prakash, 2011 ).…”

Section: Bio-methanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Swedish ferry Stena Germanica uses a four-stroke engine modified to use either methanol or MGO, whereas Waterfront Shipping uses dual-fuel two-stroke engines ( Grijpma, 2018 ). It should be noted that, even in dual-fuel engines, a pilot fuel like HFO or MGO must be used (5%–-10% energy basis) for ignition ( Svanberg et al., 2018 ). Its increasing commercial utilization has made methanol the fourth most used marine fuel, with 160,000 tons being consumed in 2018 ( International Maritime Organization, 2020 ).…”

Section: Bio-methanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective on Biofuels Use and CCS for GHG Mitigation in the Marine Sector

2020

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Summary The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the marine sector were around 2.6% of world GHG emissions in 2015 and are expected to increase 50%–250% to 2050 under a “business as usual” scenario, making the decarbonization of this fossil fuel-intensive sector an urgent priority. Biofuels, which come in various forms, are one of the most promising options to replace existing marine fuels for accomplishing this in the short to medium term. Some unique challenges, however, impede biofuels penetration in the shipping sector, including the low cost of the existing fuels, the extensive present-day refueling infrastructure, and the exclusion of the sector from the Paris climate agreement. To address this, it is necessary to first identify those biofuels best suited for deployment as marine fuel. In this work, the long list of possible biofuel candidates has been narrowed down to four high-potential options—bio-methanol, bio-dimethyl ether, bio-liquefied natural gas, and bio-oil. These options are further evaluated based on six criteria—cost, potential availability, present technology status, GHG mitigation potential, infrastructure compatibility, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) compatibility—via both an extensive literature review and stakeholder discussions. These four candidates turn out to be relatively evenly matched overall, but each possesses certain strengths and shortcomings that could favor that fuel under specific circumstances, such as if compatibility with existing shipping infrastructure or with CCS deployment become pivotal requirements. Furthermore, we pay particular attention to the possibility of integrating deployment of these biofuels with CCS to further reduce marine sector emissions. It is shown that this aspect is presently not on the radar of the industry stakeholders but is likely to grow in importance as CCS acceptability increases in the broader green energy sector.

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“…[108][109][110][111][112][113]. There have also been studies on the use of methanol from renewable sources in shipping [63,114] and in light-duty vehicles [115,116]. Regarding the current research on methanol in general, there are also several studies done on methanol fuel cells, e.g.…”

Section: Methanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas-based fuels as renewable energy in the transport sector: an overview of the potential of using CBG, LBG and other vehicle fuels produced from biogas

Dahlgren

2020

Biofuels

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The energy supply in the world needs to change from fossil fuels to renewable alternatives. Biogas is such a renewable alternative, and there is potential to increase the biogas production in the world. In recent decades, many countries have increasingly been upgrading biogas to vehicle fuel. In the last few years, the interest has also increased in liquefying biogas for heavier transports. Biogas can also be a raw material for other fuels by gasifying the biogas, for example Fischer-Tropsch fuels, methanol, dimethyl ether and hydrogen. This study provides an overview of vehicle fuels that can be produced from biogas, their technological maturity and their respective potentials as substitutes for fossil fuels in the transport system. A common factor for all of them is that they are most often produced from fossil fuels. Compressed and liquefied methane are the only fuels being commercially produced using biogas. The other fuels all have strengths that both compressed and liquefied methane lack, for example the possibility of emission-free fuel cell vehicles. However, they are all less mature technologies than compressed and liquefied methane. The greatest short-term potential is thus for expanded use of biogas as compressed and liquefied biomethane.

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Renewable methanol as a fuel for the shipping industry

Cited by 167 publications

References 53 publications

Towards C1 chemistry: methanol vinylation by CaC₂ in water in the presence of potassium or sodium carbonates

Towards C1 chemistry: methanol vinylation by CaC₂ in water in the presence of potassium or sodium carbonates

A Perspective on Biofuels Use and CCS for GHG Mitigation in the Marine Sector

Biogas-based fuels as renewable energy in the transport sector: an overview of the potential of using CBG, LBG and other vehicle fuels produced from biogas

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Renewable methanol as a fuel for the shipping industry

Cited by 167 publications

References 53 publications

Towards C1 chemistry: methanol vinylation by CaC2 in water in the presence of potassium or sodium carbonates

Towards C1 chemistry: methanol vinylation by CaC2 in water in the presence of potassium or sodium carbonates

A Perspective on Biofuels Use and CCS for GHG Mitigation in the Marine Sector

Biogas-based fuels as renewable energy in the transport sector: an overview of the potential of using CBG, LBG and other vehicle fuels produced from biogas

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Towards C1 chemistry: methanol vinylation by CaC₂ in water in the presence of potassium or sodium carbonates

Towards C1 chemistry: methanol vinylation by CaC₂ in water in the presence of potassium or sodium carbonates