Renewable Hydrogen-Based Energy System for Supplying Power to Telecoms Base Station

Luta, Doudou N.; Raji, Atanda K.

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.43.112

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Authors in [40], investigate the potential of hybrid solar PV and PEM fuel cells system for powering the remote off-grid base stations. Reference [41], proposed a renewable hydrogenbased supply system. Reference [27], introduced a solar PV and biomass gasifier focused energy supply.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar PV and Biomass Resources-Based Sustainable Energy Supply for Off-Grid Cellular Base Stations

Hossain¹,

Jahid

Islam

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Due to the technological revolution and higher user data demand, the telecommunication industry is expanding at an exponential rate. Fulfilling the increasing demand of energy for the rising cellular networks has become a great challenge to the network operators because of the limited reservation of fuel energy sources and the growing concern about global warming. Energy harvesting (EH) from renewable energy sources (RES) has become an overwhelming initiative to minimize energy deficiency and carbon footprints. This paper investigates the feasibility of solar photovoltaic (PV) and biomass resources based hybrid supply systems for powering the off-grid Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular macrocell base stations (BSs) in Bangladesh focusing the technical, economic and environmental issues. In addition, the green energy sharing technique has been incorporated via a low resistive path for optimal use of RES. The proposed system has enough potential to achieve long term sustainability and reduction of pollution rates by fulfilling the future energy demand of BS. In this work, Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) simulation-based feasibility analysis is used to assess the optimal system, energy production, total net present cost (NPC), cost of electricity (COE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission depending on different system parameters. Furthermore, the performance of the network has been evaluated in terms of throughput and energy efficiency using Matlab-based Monte Carlo simulations. Results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid renewable energy powered BSs would be a reliable and longer-lasting green solution for the telecom sector while maintaining the quality of service (QoS). Finally, an extensive comparison with other systems has also been done to justify network validity. INDEX TERMS Biomass energy, energy efficiency, energy sharing, hybrid power supply, LTE, renewableenergy-powered BSs, solar energy, sustainability. I. INTRODUCTION With the remarkable increase in the number of mobile subscribers and high-speed data demand, cellular network operators are deploying a higher number of base stations throughout the world. According to the Ericsson survey, the number of the global mobile subscriber up to the first quarter of 2019 was around 7.9 billion, with 44 million new subscribers added during this quarter, wherein LTE subscribers are 3.7 billion [1]. Currently, Bangladesh has 88 million unique subscribers and it is expected that at the The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Giovanni Pau. end of 2025, this value will be 107 million [2]. Global System for Mobile Communications Association (GSMA) mentiones that at present, the number of universal BSs is above 4 million and it is nearly double from 2007 to 2012 [3]. Base stations are the premier energy consumer of mobile networks which receive 57% of the total consumed energy [4], [5]. Over the last decades, the exponential evolution of information and communication technology (ICT) has...

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar PV and Biomass Resources-Based Sustainable Energy Supply for Off-Grid Cellular Base Stations

Hossain¹,

Jahid

Islam

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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“…Reference [36], proposed a hybrid solar PV and PEM fuel cell-based supply system. Reference [37], investigated the technical criteria and economic feasibility of installing renewable energy and hydrogen-based power supply. The key challenges and potential solution of developing a hybrid solar PV and biomass gasifier based supply system for powering the off-grid residential areas in Bangladesh has been examined in [38].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Energy-Aware Sustainable Cellular Networks with Load Balancing and Energy-Sharing Technique

et al. 2020

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With the proliferation of cellular networks, the ubiquitous availability of new-generation multimedia devices, and their wide-ranging data applications, telecom network operators are increasingly deploying the number of cellular base stations (BSs) to deal with unprecedented service demand. The rapid and radical deployment of the cellular network significantly exerts energy consumption and carbon footprints to the atmosphere. The ultimate objective of this work is to develop a sustainable and environmentally-friendly cellular infrastructure through compelling utilization of the locally available renewable energy sources (RES) namely solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and biomass generator (BG). This article addresses the key challenges of envisioning the hybrid solar PV/WT/BG powered macro BSs in Bangladesh considering the dynamic profile of the RES and traffic intensity in the tempo-spatial domain. The optimal system architecture and technical criteria of the proposed system are critically evaluated with the help of HOMER optimization software for both on-grid and off-grid conditions to downsize the electricity generation cost and waste outflows while ensuring the desired quality of experience (QoE) over 20 years duration. Besides, the green energy-sharing mechanism under the off-grid condition and the grid-tied condition has been critically analyzed for optimal use of green energy. Moreover, the heuristic algorithm of the load balancing technique among collocated BSs has been incorporated for elevating the throughput and energy efficiency (EE) as well. The spectral efficiency (SE), energy efficiency, and outage probability performance of the contemplated wireless network are substantially examined using Matlab based Monte–Carlo simulation under a wide range of network configurations. Simulation results reveal that the proper load balancing technique pledges zero outage probability with expected system performance whereas energy cooperation policy offers an attractive solution for developing green mobile communications employing better utilization of renewable energy under the proposed hybrid solar PV/WT/BG scheme.

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“…At present, with the increase of base stations and the expansion of network scale, it not only provides users with faster and better mobile data services but also makes the energy consumption of mobile communication networks increase significantly [1][2][3]. At the same time, mobile communication base stations mostly use lead-acid battery packs as a backup power source, and there are also problems such as chemical pollution [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on hydrogen fuel cell backup power for metal hydride hydrogen storage system

Zhang,

Pan,

Lei

et al. 2024

Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences

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Hydrogen fuel cells are characterized by non-pollution, high efficiency and long power supply time, and they are increasingly used as backup power systems in substations, communication base stations and other fields. In this paper, based on the thermodynamic model of the hydride hydrogen storage system, the relationship between pressure, composition, and temperature in metal hydride hydrogen storage is quantitatively analyzed using a PCT curve. The hydrogen fuel power supply is used as the overall backup power supply of the DC system, and the hydrogen-fuel integrated backup power supply is established to realize the uninterrupted switching between the utility power and the backup power supply. Finally, the working process of the backup power supply and the reaction process of hydrogen are analyzed to test the feasibility of a hydrogen fuel cell backup power supply. The results show that the operating current climbs to the end of 80 A under the 5 kW workload demand of the communication equipment. In addition, the hydrogen absorption reaction rate was 0.29 Mpa, and the hydrogen release reaction rate was 0.21 Mpa at a temperature of 291 K. This study has developed a fuel cell backup power system that can provide uninterruptible backup power and has a wide market capacity and application prospects.

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Renewable Hydrogen-Based Energy System for Supplying Power to Telecoms Base Station

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Solar PV and Biomass Resources-Based Sustainable Energy Supply for Off-Grid Cellular Base Stations

Solar PV and Biomass Resources-Based Sustainable Energy Supply for Off-Grid Cellular Base Stations

Renewable Energy-Aware Sustainable Cellular Networks with Load Balancing and Energy-Sharing Technique

Research on hydrogen fuel cell backup power for metal hydride hydrogen storage system

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