Renewable Fuels

Pearson, Richard; Turner, James

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-087872-0.00522-9

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Catalytic steam reforming is a key process to obtain hydrogen from renewable liquid biofuels such as ethanol, the focus being on the cost-effective synthesis of hydrogen in fuelprocessors coupled to low-temperature fuel cells for highefficiency power production in stationary and transportation applications. [1][2][3] Steam reforming of ethanol on metal-based heterogeneous catalysts involves a complex set of reactions, which in summary comprise ethanol dehydration to ethylene, ethanol dehydrogenation to acetaldehyde, cracking of ethanol and acetaldehyde, and reforming of C2 species to hydrogen and carbon oxides, together with methanation and water-gas shift equilibrium reactions. 4 Carbon deposition by ethylene polymerization and other mechanisms may also take place to a significant extent, depending on the nature of the catalyst, the temperature and the steam to carbon ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ternary Ni–Al–Fe catalysts for ethanol steam reforming

Abelló

Bolshak

Gispert-Guirado

et al. 2014

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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Ternary mixed oxides prepared from takovite/reevesite Ni 3 Al 1−x Fe x precursors were tested in ethanol steam reforming for hydrogen production. The influence of the trivalent cation (Al 3+ or Fe 3+ ) on phase composition and derived catalytic performance of the resulting oxides was studied. The physico-chemical properties of the hydrotalcite-like precursors and related oxides were characterized by ICP, XRD, TGA-DSC, Raman, H 2 -TPR, and TEM analyses. Compared to pure binary systems (Ni 3 Al and Ni 3 Fe), the ternary systems showed the best performance in ethanol reforming, leading to high and stable hydrogen selectivity of up to ca. 70% in 100 h reaction tests. The increase in activity can be attributed to a cooperative effect between aluminum and iron, favoring ethanol dehydrogenation as the primary step, followed by acetaldehyde reforming and/or cracking, reverse water gas shift, and methanation, and concomitantly limiting the dehydration route to ethylene.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ternary Ni–Al–Fe catalysts for ethanol steam reforming

Abelló

Bolshak

Gispert-Guirado

et al. 2014

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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“…Pearson and Turner (2012) and Bromberg (2010) provided safety assessments of methanol and ethanol, establishing that although these alcohols are hazardous and toxic substances, such risks are inherent to all considered alternatives to gasoline and diesel [187,188]. Notably, studies by Machiele (1987) and Machiele (1990) for the US Environmental Protection Agency [50,51] also reached the conclusion that in many respects, alcohols, including methanol, can be deemed safer than gasoline [52].…”

Section: Potential Hazards and Factors To Take Into Account When Bunk...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanol, a Plugin Marine Fuel for Green House Gas Reduction—A Review

Parris,

Spinthiropoulos,

Ragazou

et al. 2024

Energies

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The escalating global demand for goods transport via shipping has heightened energy consumption, impacting worldwide health and the environment. To mitigate this, international organizations aim to achieve complete fuel desulphurization and decarbonization by 50% by 2050. Investigating eco-friendly fuels is crucial, particularly those with a reduced carbon and zero sulfur content. Methanol derived mainly from renewable sources and produced by carbon dioxide’s hydrogenation method, stands out as an effective solution for GHG reduction. Leveraging its favorable properties, global scalability, and compatibility with the existing infrastructure, especially LNGs, methanol proves to be a cost-efficient and minimally disruptive alternative. This review explores methanol’s role as a hybrid maritime fuel, emphasizing its ecological production methods, advantages, and challenges in the shipping industry’s green transition. It discusses the environmental impacts of methanol use and analyzes economic factors, positioning methanol not only as an eco-friendly option, but also as a financially prudent choice for global shipping. Methanol is efficient and cost-effective and excels over MGO, especially in new ships. It is economically advantageous, with decreasing investment costs compared to LNG, while providing flexibility without specialized pressure tanks. Global marine fuel trends prioritize fuel traits, accessibility, and environmental considerations, incorporating factors like policies, emissions, bunkering, and engine adaptability during transitions.

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“…This procedure is commonly performed by the Quality Control Centre of the Jindal Films Europe Brindisi s.r.l. Both solvents are relatively inexpensive and easy to produce [22]. The FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) considers the two solvents risk-free when operated under good manufacturing practice [23].…”

Section: Selective Dissolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Tests on Solvent Solutions for the Recycling of Coated Polypropylene in Food Packaging

Mauro,

Scarascia-Mugnozza

2023

Applied Sciences

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The aim of this research is to analyze and develop technical methods that allow the recycling of food packaging coated in polypropylene films using solvents for the removal of the lacquer and/or aluminum layer without modifying their mechanical properties. Thus, this would allow the regranulation and re-extraction of the treated material for the creation of new polypropylene films. Water solutions of KOH 1M and methanol 99.9% were tested as solvents using the selective dissolution method. In order to rule out a significant effect of the mechanical stirring action on the removal of the surface layer, a deionized water solution was used as a control sample. By means of UV-VIS-NIR (ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared), LWIR (long-wave infrared), and ATR-IR spectrophotometers, spectrophotometric analyses were carried out on the samples before and after treatment. In order to investigate the efficiency of the solvents in removing the coating of polypropylene films, samples taken from the industry Jindal Films Europe Brindisi s.r.l., named BF (basic film, pp film not lacquered or metallized), AC (aluminum-coated pp film), and ACRC (acrylic-lacquer-coated pp film), were compared with samples treated with solvent solutions. The comparison was made by comparing the spectra obtained from the analyses carried out with the two different spectrophotometers. The absorbance values at the level of characteristic polypropylene spectrum peaks, detected with an ATR-IR, were also compared using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results suggest that the optimal solvent for removing the aluminum and acrylic lacquer from pp films is the solution of KOH 1M. Future analyses will aim to investigate the maintenance of the mechanical characteristics of polypropylene treated with a selective dissolution using KOH. It is also planned to test the methodology of this study on an industrial scale.

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Renewable Fuels

Cited by 27 publications

References 75 publications

Ternary Ni–Al–Fe catalysts for ethanol steam reforming

Ternary Ni–Al–Fe catalysts for ethanol steam reforming

Methanol, a Plugin Marine Fuel for Green House Gas Reduction—A Review

Experimental Tests on Solvent Solutions for the Recycling of Coated Polypropylene in Food Packaging

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