Renewable fuel intermediates from furfural over copper-loaded mesoporous aldol condensation catalysts

Abstract

Conversion of biomass into fuels or fuel intermediates is a useful technique to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. In this study, a liquid fuel intermediate like 4-(2-furyl)-3- buten-2- one...

Chemical valorisation of biomass derived furanics and carboxylic acids over niobium-based catalysts

“…Based on the linearized Arrhenius equation, the apparent activation energy ( E a ) was ca. 27 kJ mol −1 ( R 2 = 0.9996), which is intermediate of that reported in the literature for Cu/Al-MCM-41 (15.5 kJ mol −1 , 150–200 °C), 78 Mg–Al mixed oxides (24.8 kJ mol −1 , 30–90 °C 25 or 50.67 kJ mol −1 , 130–160 °C 15 ), 2.6%Nb-MF (52.9 kJ mol −1 , 100–160 °C), 60 and Sn-MFI and Sn-Beta (59 and 44 kJ mol −1 , respectively, 100–160 °C). 43…”

“…Table S6† compares the results for SiNb42 to literature data for different silica based solid catalysts tested for the target reaction. 41,42,43–45,60,73,76–78,80–82 Fair, clear comparisons are difficult to establish due to the different reaction conditions used in the different studies, and sometimes catalytic stability tests were not reported. Hence, this section is not intended to rank catalysts, but instead to give a summarized overview.…”

Single-Step Formation of Metal Oxide Nanostructures Wrapped in Mesoporous Silica and Silica–Niobia Catalysts for the Condensation of Furfural with Acetone

“…Zirconium (25 wt. %) on mesoporous silica [41] and a copper-loaded mesoporous Cu/Al-MCM-41 material [42] showed relatively good results based on C8 yields. However, the zirconium catalyst was used in more than double the weight percentage of the catalyst relative to Fur, and the Cu/Al-MCM-41 was tested at a higher temperature and for a longer reaction time.…”