Renewable Energy Sources microgrid design for rural area in South Africa

Longe, Omowunmi Mary; Ouahada, Khmaies; Ferreira, H.C.; Chinnappen, Suvendi

doi:10.1109/isgt.2014.6816378

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The capital cost of transmission varies based on geographical features of the location and local labor costs. As this study focuses on a rural electrification project, it references costs from studies on rural electrification projects in South Africa, South Korea, and Myanmar with the range of costs between 18,232 to 43,500 USD/km [8,37,38]. Taking these costs into account, we have measured the distance between the power plants and the village to estimate the distance of transmission lines that need to be extended.…”

Section: Transmission Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figure 11, Systems 1 through 4 represent an on-grid system using coal generation, an on-grid system using hydro generation, an off-grid system using a lithium-ion ESS, and an off-grid system with a lead-acid battery, respectively. Cases 1, 2, and 3 represent the transmission costs from three different References [8,37,38]. Regardless of the power generation sources and types of transmission cost references, grid extension is more expensive than two off-grid energy systems.…”

Section: Comparison Of Npc and Lcoementioning

confidence: 99%

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Renewable Energy Options for a Rural Village in North Korea

Kang

Jung

2020

Sustainability

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The national electrification rate of North Korea is extremely low and the situation in rural areas is even worse. Thus, this study designs a virtual electrification project for a rural village in North Pyongan and compares an off-grid energy system and on-grid system in terms of net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) to define the most cost-effective energy system. Using Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER), this study designs two off-grid systems that apply different types of batteries—lead–acid and lithium-ion energy storage systems (ESS)—and determines the NPC and LCOE of the most cost-effective system. Then, it calculates the NPC and LCOE of grid extension by adding necessary costs required for generation, transmission, and distribution. The result shows that the hybrid energy system (HES) of solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines, lead–acid batteries, and diesel generators is the most cost-effective option for the selected location. The range of breakeven grid-extension distance is from 9.69 km to 20.57 km. The sensitivity analysis based on different discount rates shows that a higher discount rate means a shorter breakeven distance. This analysis suggests that deploying an HES is one way to improve the electrification rate for remote and rural areas in North Korea.

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Section: Transmission Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Npc and Lcoementioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Energy Options for a Rural Village in North Korea

Kang

Jung

2020

Sustainability

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“…Therefore based on empirical knowledge and available literature, a list of appliances and their average usage every day is estimated. Table 2 shows basic electrical appliances required in the rural area with their usage hours and quantity for every household [29,30]. Due to high cost of electricity generation, it is very important to choose the most efficient appliances.…”

Section: Determination Of Energy Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Integrated Renewable Energy Systems (SIRES): A Novel Approach for Sustainable Development

Maheshwari

Ramakumar

2017

Energies

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Technical and economic aspects of the viability of SIRES (Smart Integrated Renewable Energy Systems) for sustainable development of remote and rural areas of the world are discussed. The hallmark of the proposed SIRES is the smart utilization of several renewable resources in an integrated fashion and matching of resources and needs a priori with the ultimate goal of "energization", not just "electrification". Historical background leading to this approach is succinctly presented along with a comprehensive schematic diagram. Modeling of various components and their collective use in optimizing SIRES with the aid of genetic algorithm are presented using a typical hypothetical example. SIRES is also compared with various approaches for rural development based on Annualized Cost of System (ACS) and installation costs. Implementation of SIRES will lead to overall sustainable development of rural communities.

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“…A microgrid can be a regional or communal energy system comprised of distributed energy sources (renewable and/or non-renewable) often in order to optimise power quality, reliability, efficiency and sustainability with accompanying economic benefits (cheaper cost of energy, local employment generation and economic development) and environmental benefits (if renewable energy sources are used). Microgrids would be a common feature in the smart grid, either in standalone [1][2][3] or grid-connected [4,5] mode, but the latter form is explored in this paper, in order to access its arbitrage opportunities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Optimisation Algorithm for Demand Side Management in a Grid-Connected Smart Microgrid

et al. 2017

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The contributions of Distributed Energy Generation (DEG) and Distributed Energy Storage (DES) for Demand Side Management (DSM) purposes in a smart macrogrid or microgrid cannot be over-emphasised. However, standalone DEG and DES can lead to under-utilisation of energy generation by consumers and financial investments; in grid-connection mode, though, DEG and DES can offer arbitrage opportunities for consumers and utility provider(s). A grid-connected smart microgrid comprising heterogeneous (active and passive) smart consumers, electric vehicles and a large-scale centralised energy storage is considered in this paper. Efficient energy management by each smart entity is carried out by the proposed Microgrid Energy Management Distributed Optimisation Algorithm (MEM-DOA) installed distributively within the network according to consumer type. Each smart consumer optimises its energy consumption and trading for comfort (demand satisfaction) and profit. The proposed model was observed to yield better consumer satisfaction, higher financial savings, and reduced Peak-to-Average-Ratio (PAR) demand on the utility grid. Other associated benefits of the model include reduced investment on peaker plants, grid reliability and environmental benefits. The MEM-DOA also offered participating smart consumers energy and tariff incentives so that passive smart consumers do not benefit more than active smart consumers, as was the case with some previous energy management algorithms.

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Renewable Energy Sources microgrid design for rural area in South Africa

Cited by 36 publications

References 1 publication

Renewable Energy Options for a Rural Village in North Korea

Renewable Energy Options for a Rural Village in North Korea

Smart Integrated Renewable Energy Systems (SIRES): A Novel Approach for Sustainable Development

Distributed Optimisation Algorithm for Demand Side Management in a Grid-Connected Smart Microgrid

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