Renewable Energy Sources and Local Development

Abstract

Renewable sources are closely linked to the natural conditions of each region and locality, their availability is very varied from one site to another, being important the evaluation of the potential of these resources, in order to determine their best use under economically advantageous conditions. These constitute the equivalent fuel for the operation of the technologies that exploit them, their quantity and quality; It also depends on the energy performance and reliability of the technology systems that employ them. An analysis of the importance of the determination of the regionalization of the RES is presented, showing the energy, economic and environmental impacts that can be estimated in specific regions and localities. For this, the studies carried out in the province of La Habana and in the municipality of San Luis in the province of Santiago de Cuba are presented as practical examples of a territorial planning, considering the conditions of each locality. The results are shown using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The contribution obtained allows the preliminary knowledge of the renewable potential (solar, wind, water and biomass), which can be considered for a regionalization of the planning with renewable energy sources, in order to reach the goals of sustainable development, based on the search Of energy solutions at the Community level. Keywords IntroductionDe la misma forma que se trazan políticas regionales para resolver los problemas de investigación, desarrollo e innovación relacionados con el uso de recursos energéticos renovables en América Latina y El Caribe (ALC) [1], también se trabaja en función de disminuir los riesgos naturales, salvar la biodiversidad y mejorar las condiciones de vida de las comunidades que todavía no están conectadas a las redes eléctricas. En el plano nacional se requiere el trazado de estrategias que permitan la solución de problemas, de forma integral en regiones y zonas determinadas.Las políticas trazadas por los países bajos, Alemania, Dinamarca, Australia, Japón, España y China, que han ido incorporando a su matriz energética un porciento importante de fuentes renovables de energía (FRE), han desarrollado proyectos de evaluación y estudios de potenciales renovables desde el nivel local, municipios, provincias y regiones, que le ha permitido determinar la zonificación del empleo más adecuado de estos recursos, considerando criterios de la calidad de los potenciales, en función de alcanzar una elevada eficiencia de la gestión energética, apostando por las garantías que puedan ofrecer las mejores condiciones de la disponibilidad del recurso, para asegurar una gestión económica viable y ventajosa.En América del Norte existen programas de desarrollo de las FRE, Estados Unidos y Canadá proponen soluciones ventajosas. Ya se comenta la posibilidad de lograr en el uso de la penetración con fuentes renovables de energía a un 100 % renovable [2]. Estos países proponen reducir las emisiones de gas de efecto invernadero utilizando el potencial de viento, ag...

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