Renewable Energy Products through Bioremediation of Wastewater

Abstract

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, the population density of the world is intense in developing countries. This overgrowing population has resulted in the production of huge amounts of waste/refused water due to various anthropogenic activities. Household, municipal corporations (MC), urban local bodies (ULBs), and industries produce a huge amount of waste water, which is discharged into nearby water bodies and streams/rivers without proper treatment, resulting in water pollution. This mismanaged treatment of wastewater leads to various challenges like loss of energy to treat the wastewater and scarcity of fresh water, beside various water born infections. However, all these major issues can provide solutions to each other. Most of the wastewater generated by ULBs and industries is rich in various biopolymers like starch, lactose, glucose lignocellulose, protein, lipids, fats, and minerals, etc. These biopolymers can be converted into sustainable biofuels, i.e., ethanol, butanol, biodiesel, biogas, hydrogen, methane, biohythane, etc., through its bioremediation followed by dark fermentation (DF) and anaerobic digestion (AD). The key challenge is to plan strategies in such a way that they not only help in the treatment of wastewater, but also produce some valuable energy driven products from it. This review will deal with various strategies being used in the treatment of wastewater as well as for production of some valuable energy products from it to tackle the upcoming future demands and challenges of fresh water and energy crisis, along with sustainable development.

Marginal note on wastewater recycling margins from the perspective of simultanism of sustainability and technological development

“…Organic matter rich wastewater, when decomposed in an oxygen-free environment, releases methane gas. This methane can be collected and utilized as heat and electricity generation instead of released into the atmosphere (Bhatia et al, 2020). So the current state of science and technology offers very diverse opportunities for the development of a modern innovative wastewater technology which is also a complex environmental technological innovation.…”

Physical and Biological Treatment Technologies of Slaughterhouse Wastewater: A Review

“…Physicochemical treatment methods usually involve solid separation from the fluid. It is recommended that the effluent be sent for primary or secondary treatment after the preliminary treatment depending on the intensity of the SWW [4]. Dissolved air floatation (DAF), coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation, electrocoagulation process and membrane technology are usually employed as primary treatment technologies for the treatment of SWW [5,6].…”

Water-Energy Nexus: A Pathway of Reaching the Zero Net Carbon in Wastewater Treatment Plants

“…While several investigations have been carried out in recent years in this respect [15][16][17][18][19], none of them integrate a complex mix of technologies into their analysis, nor do they prioritize (in the case of working with several technologies) the use of the intrinsic energy resources of the plant. In this regard, most of them, such as the works of R. K. Bhatia et al, and Y.…”

“…In this regard, most of them, such as the works of R. K. Bhatia et al, and Y. Gu et al, analyze different alternatives to recover the internal energy of the plant using sewage sludge [15,16]. Among these alternatives, S. Waclawek et al, choose anaerobic digestion as one of the most profitable technologies but they still do not use external technologies [17].…”