Renewable energy from pyrolysis using crops and agricultural residuals: An economic and environmental evaluation

Kung, Chih-Chun; Zhang, Ning

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.114

Cited by 44 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It includes biogenic and biomass burning (f m,bio and f m,bb , respectively) and was estimated to be 1.06 ± 0.015 and 1.13 ± 0.05 for f m,bio and f m,bb , respectively. Of these, the f m,bio value was estimated from long-term series of 14 CO 2 measurement at Schauinsland station (Levin et al, 2010), while f m,bb was estimated by a tree-growth model (Mohn et al, 2008). In this study, f m (EC) equals f m,bb assuming biomass burning is the only nonfossil source for EC, while f m (OC) is adopted as the average value of f m,bio and f m,bb given that OC originated equally from biogenic and biomass burning emission.…”

Section: C Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> at a regional background site in North China using PMF linked with radiocarbon analysis: insight into the contribution of biomass burning

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Source apportionment of fine particles (PM2.5) at a background site in North China in the winter of 2014 was done using statistical analysis, radiocarbon (14C) measurement and positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling. Results showed that the concentration of PM2.5 was 77.6 ± 59.3 µg m−3, of which sulfate (SO42−) concentration was the highest, followed by nitrate (NO3−), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and ammonium (NH4+). As demonstrated by backward trajectory, more than half of the air masses during the sampling period were from the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region, followed by Mongolia and the Shandong Peninsula. Cluster analysis of chemical species suggested an obvious signal of biomass burning in the PM2.5 from the Shandong Peninsula, while the PM2.5 from the BTH region showed a vehicle emission pattern. This finding was further confirmed by the 14C measurement of OC and EC in two merged samples. The 14C result indicated that biogenic and biomass burning emission contributed 59 ± 4 and 52 ± 2 % to OC and EC concentrations, respectively, when air masses originated from the Shandong Peninsula, while the contributions fell to 46 ± 4 and 38 ± 1 %, respectively, when the prevailing wind changed and came from the BTH region. The minimum deviation between source apportionment results from PMF and 14C measurement was adopted as the optimal choice of the model exercises. Here, two minor overestimates with the same range (3 %) implied that the PMF result provided a reasonable source apportionment of the regional PM2.5 in this study. Based on the PMF modeling, eight sources were identified; of these, coal combustion, biomass burning and vehicle emission were the main contributors of PM2.5, accounting for 29.6, 19.3 and 15.9 %, respectively. Compared with overall source apportionment, the contributions of vehicle emission, mineral dust, coal combustion and biomass burning increased when air masses came from the BTH region, Mongolia and the Shandong Peninsula, respectively. Since coal combustion and vehicle emission have been considered as the leading emission sources to be controlled for improving air quality, biomass burning was highlighted in the present study.

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Section: C Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> at a regional background site in North China using PMF linked with radiocarbon analysis: insight into the contribution of biomass burning

et al. 2016

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“…The intensive and excessive use of non-renewable fossil fuels emits a considerable quantity of GHG emissions, resulting in global climate change, which potentially has significant and irreversible impacts to human society and the world (IPCC, 2007). To avoid these undesirable results, it is a high priority to find a low-carbon fuel that ensures both the sustainability of human society and climate stability (Eom et al, 2015;Kung and Zhang, 2015;Lyer et al, 2015). Bioenergy meets such needs and has been studied and adopted in the USA and Europe for decades.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

How government subsidy leads to sustainable bioenergy development

Kung

Zhang

Kong

2016

Technological Forecasting and Social Change

Self Cite

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Sustainable development requires energy source stability and environmental maintenance. Over-exploitation and the intensive use of nonrenewable fossil fuels thus eventually hamper the development of human society. Bioenergy is one solution to this problem. This study formulates a price endogenous, partial equilibrium mathematical model to simulate the economic and environmental effects of bioenergy development in Jiangxi province, China. The result indicates that the farmers' revenue primarily originates from energy sales, government subsidies and emission reduction. An inappropriate subsidy amount will result in inefficient resource allocation; in addition, the marginal benefit from bioenergy production is fairly small. The result also shows that the joint production of bio-electricity and ethanol could be a better choice if climate change mitigation is considered.

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“…Selection of energy crop is important because it would influence the net social benefits. Based on our previous examinations (Kung et al, 2013(Kung et al, , 2014Kung and Zhang, 2015), sweet potato can be planted in almost everywhere in Taiwan and thus, using it as a potential energy crop can ensure a stable supply and lower transportation cost. In addition to sweet potato, the rice straw which was previously ignored in many studies is also incorporated because rice has been densely planted in Taiwan, and therefore, rice straw is an immediately available resource for electricity generation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of renewable energy reduces the reliance on unsustainable fossil fuels and improve environmental sustainability, and has been intensively investigated in recent decades (Berktay et al, 2004;Fargione et al, 2008;Kung and Zhang, 2015;Rusu et al, 2018;Salam and Khan, 2018;Searchinger et al, 2008;Taylan et al, 2018;Wang, 2007). Several renewable energy technologies such as wind power, solar energy, hydroelectricity, and bioenergy are currently available, and almost all of them (depending on the regional characteristics and production process) are considered to result in positive environmental and economic consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sector-wide economic and environmental analysis on bioenergy production and emission consequences

Kung

Zhang

Gong

et al. 2019

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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Mining and using depletable fossil fuel usually result in severe environmental problem such as climate change in the global scale and acid rain in the regional level. To improve sustainable development, it is important to substitute fossil fuel with renewable and clean energy sources. In this study we employ a partial equilibrium, price endogenous mathematical programming model to analyze how bioenergy development in Taiwan can (1) enhance domestic energy production, (2) reduce the carbon dioxide (CO 2) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2) emissions, and (3) protect the environment. The results show that the ethanol expands with an increase in gasoline price, but SO 2 emission reduction would shrink because of a reduction in renewable electricity generation. Conversely, up to 10.4% of Taiwan's annual SO 2 emission can be reduced in the face of higher coal and emission prices. A tradeoff between CO 2 and SO 2 emission reductions is perceived during the switch of production of liquid and nonliquid bioenergy. Policy implications such as technology selection, market operation, and government subsidy are also discussed.

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Renewable energy from pyrolysis using crops and agricultural residuals: An economic and environmental evaluation

Cited by 44 publications

References 43 publications

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> at a regional background site in North China using PMF linked with radiocarbon analysis: insight into the contribution of biomass burning

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> at a regional background site in North China using PMF linked with radiocarbon analysis: insight into the contribution of biomass burning

How government subsidy leads to sustainable bioenergy development

A sector-wide economic and environmental analysis on bioenergy production and emission consequences

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Renewable energy from pyrolysis using crops and agricultural residuals: An economic and environmental evaluation

Cited by 44 publications

References 43 publications

Source apportionment of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; at a regional background site in North China using PMF linked with radiocarbon analysis: insight into the contribution of biomass burning

Source apportionment of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; at a regional background site in North China using PMF linked with radiocarbon analysis: insight into the contribution of biomass burning

How government subsidy leads to sustainable bioenergy development

A sector-wide economic and environmental analysis on bioenergy production and emission consequences

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> at a regional background site in North China using PMF linked with radiocarbon analysis: insight into the contribution of biomass burning

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> at a regional background site in North China using PMF linked with radiocarbon analysis: insight into the contribution of biomass burning