Renewable energy, forest cover, export diversification and ecological footprint: A machine learning application in moderating eco-innovations on agriculture in BRICS-T economies

Abstract

According to UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC, 2022), COP26 summit the global leaders urged the nations to develop the production capability and enhance the domestic capacity through technological progression and structural transformation. The set of BRICS-T economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa and Turkey) account for 43 per cent of the global population and occupy around 30 per cent of land area across the global landscape in 2017. Additionally, they account for about 40 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2017. Therefore, this study investigates the role of renewable energy, export diversification on ecological footprint for BRICS-T countries over a period of 1990–2019. This study also examines the moderating effect of ecological-innovation on agriculture in BRICS-T countries. We use the parametric and non-parametric econometrics techniques to empirically imply the relationship between these series. According to Augmented Mean Group and Kernel Regularized Least Square methods, the role of economic growth, agriculture, export diversification, ecological innovation and the moderating effect of ecological innovations on agriculture impact the ecological footprint in the long-run respectively. Indeed, non-parametric time-varying panel data models with fixed effects is used to check the robustness. The policy insights have been explained in the conclusion section. JEL classification : Q57; Q2; Q55; C14; C01

Exploring the Environmental Impact of Energy Consumption, Globalization, and Research & Development in Europe: Insights from the STIRPAT-EKC Framework

“…The identified negative coefficient of research and development (R&D) on the ecological footprint underscores its potential to yield a positive environmental impact. The findings are similar to these findings (Padhan et al, 2023;Pata and Isik, 2022)]. R&D plays a pivotal role in fostering innovation and advancing sustainable technologies.…”

Powering a sustainable future: Does economic structure influence the ecological footprint?

“…It has been determined that using renewable energy helps to minimize the ecological footprint (Padhan et al, 2023). Moreover, exports and the use of renewable energy have been shown to lessen India's ecological impact (Rej et al, 2022).…”