2006
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2004.11.002
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Renewable energy for sustainable development in Africa: a review

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Cited by 192 publications
(111 citation statements)
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“…That is the reason that sustainable development through renewable energies is at the center of policies all over the world. As Bugaje (2006) mentions, "in making renewable energy consumption sustainable and acceptable to other socioeconomic parameters of development, the following must be considered:…”
Section: Brief Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…That is the reason that sustainable development through renewable energies is at the center of policies all over the world. As Bugaje (2006) mentions, "in making renewable energy consumption sustainable and acceptable to other socioeconomic parameters of development, the following must be considered:…”
Section: Brief Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In general, when water resource is sufficient, PA always considers the microhydro power as the first option , since these systems are usually the lowest cost option for off-grid rural electrification (Coello et al, 2006;Kaygusuz, 2011;REN21, 2008;Williams and Simpson, 2009), are reliable for off-grid systems (van Els et al, 2012), and the energy is continuously available (Drinkwaard et al, 2010), . If water resource is not available, photovoltaic (PV) or wind systems are used, depending on resource availability, as their suitable to provide decentralized electrical service to rural households (Bugaje, 2006;Jacobson, 2007;Hiremath, 2009;Kandpal, 2010a, 2010b;Ferrer-Martí et al, 2012;Valer et al, 2014). Regarding the choice between individual or collective systems, it must be noted that stand-alone systems usually have low capacity factor, high battery costs and limited capacity to store energy (Khan and Iqbal, 2005;Kaundinya, 2009).…”
Section: Description Of the Case Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, only about 3.7% of the national land area is needed to be utilized annually in order to collect from the sun, amount of energy equal to the nation's conventional energy reserves. In other words, the nation's energy demand could simply be met if only 0.1% of the total solar energy radiation on the land mass is converted at an efficiency of 1% (Bugaje, 2006). This is an…”
Section: B Solar Energymentioning
confidence: 99%