Renewable energy consumption, urbanization, financial development, income and CO2 emissions in Turkey: Testing EKC hypothesis with structural breaks

Pata, Uğur Korkut

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.236

Cited by 876 publications

(398 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Pao and Tsai [2] BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, China) 1992-2007 Panel Vector Error Correction Model Seker et al [3] Turkey 1974-2010 Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Zhu et al [4] ASEAN (South East Asian Nations) Countries 1981-2011 Fixed effect panel quantile regression Behera and Dash [5] SSEA (South and Southeast Asian), 17 Recently, studies on the role of urbanization in GHG emissions have been actively conducted. According to Table A1, the studies on the effect of urbanization on CO 2 emissions include Martinez-Zarzoso and Maruotti [12], Zhu et al [13], Sadorsky [14], Dogan and Turkekul [15], Ali et al [16], He et al [17], Bekhet and Othman [18] and Pata [19,20]. Martinez-Zarzoso and Maruotti [12] investigated the effects of urbanization on GHG emissions for 88 developing countries over the period 1975-2003 using stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence and technology (STIRPAT) model.…”

Section: Countries Periods Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dogan and Turkekul [15], and Ali et al [16] analyzed these effects for the US and Singapore, respectively, using autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) model. In addition, He et al [17] analyzed these effects for China, Bekhet and Othman [18] for Malaysia and Pata [19,20] for Turkey. He et al [17], Bekhet and Othman [18], and Pata [19,20] used SPIRPAT, VECM, and ARDL models, respectively.…”

Section: Countries Periods Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth, Industrial Structure, Renewable and Nuclear Energy, and Urbanization on Korean Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Kim

2020

Sustainability

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This study analyzes the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth, industrial structure, renewable and nuclear energy, and urbanization on Korean greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 1981 to 2014. The cointegration relationship of the variables is examined using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test. The test confirmed the long-run equilibrium among the variables. After that, the short-run and long-run coefficients are estimated by an ARDL error-correction model. The result shows that in the long run, economic growth and urbanization are the main contributors to the increase of GHG emissions, while manufacturing industry share, renewable energy and nuclear energy contributed to the reduction of GHG emissions. The inflow of FDI has led to the increase of greenhouse gases, but the coefficients is negligible. In the short run, economic growth has caused an increase in GHG emissions, while renewable and nuclear energy have contributed to the reduction in GHG emissions. FDI and urbanization did not play a role in increasing of GHG emissions in the short term.Sustainability 2020, 12, 1625 2 of 14 havens. This is likely to be linked to economic growth in each country and affect the country's GHG emissions. Comprehensive research studies on FDI, GHG emissions, and economic growth have begun in recent years. The relationship between FDI and GHG emissions is based on two hypotheses-one is the pollution haven hypothesis, and the other is the halo effect hypothesis. According to the halo effect, FDI can reduce GHG emissions through the host country's advanced technology. The pollution haven hypothesis proposes that the investing country relocates GHG intensive industries to foreign countries, thereby increasing the GHG emissions of the host countries. Table 1 shows for the studies on the relationship between FDI and GHG emissions. The results vary depending on the countries and time periods studied. Recent studies supporting the pollution haven hypothesis include Pao and Tsai [2], Seker et al. [3], Zhu et al. [4], and Behera and Dash [5], and the studies supporting the halo effect hypothesis include Tang and Tan [6], Mert and Bölök [7], and Abdouli and Hammami [8]. Mixed results for both the pollutant haven hypothesis and the halo effect hypothesis are found in Merican et al. [9], Peng et al. [10], and Zhang and Zhou [11].

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Section: Countries Periods Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Countries Periods Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth, Industrial Structure, Renewable and Nuclear Energy, and Urbanization on Korean Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Kim

2020

Sustainability

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“…The EKC phenomenon states that increases in income cause increases in pollution; however, reaching a threshold level, more income leads to pollution reduction. For 30 years, the EKC has been tested using various control variables including energy consumption (Danish, Zhang, Wang, & Wang, ; Pata, ; Sarkodie, ); governance (Danish, Awais, &Wang, ); and ICT (Añón Higón et al, ; Shabani & Shahnazi, ). The relationship between income and CO 2 emissions can be hypothesised asH1a Real income has a positive effect on environmental pollution in high‐, middle‐, and low‐income countries.H2a The square of real income has a negative effect on environmental pollution in high‐, middle‐, and low‐income countries.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ekc Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards cross‐regional sustainable development: The nexus between information and communication technology, energy consumption, and CO₂ emissions

Zhang

Wang

Latif

2019

Sustainable Development

133

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The environmental impact of information and communication technology (ICT) has drawn increasing attention for two decades. The behaviour of ICT is positive towards economic growth; however, its environmental implications cannot be ignored. This empirical research explores the roles of ICT, economic growth, and energy consumption in environmental pollution across different regions from 1990 to 2015. Robust long‐run panel data estimation methods fully modified ordinary least square and dynamic ordinary least square and Driscoll–Kraay regression are applied. To summarise the results, ICT reduces the level of CO2 emissions across high‐ and middle‐income countries; however, contrary to this, ICT increases CO2 emissions in low‐income countries. Also, energy consumption is responsible for the increase in CO2 emissions in all income groups as expected. Finally, the environmental Kuznets curve is proved in all income groups. It is inferred that high‐ and middle‐income regions of the world have achieved a level of environmental sustainability in the significance of ICT, but this is not the case in low‐income countries.

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“…First, this paper employs diverse indicators of environmental quality (carbon emissions, greenhouse gases, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides) to ascertain how renewable energy affects the influence such emissions have on environmental quality. This approach is unlike most prior studies by Bilgili, Koçak, and Bulut (), Pata (), Solarin, Al‐Mulali, and Ozturk (), Zambrano‐Monserrate et al. (), Zhang, Wang, and Wang (), and Sinha and Shahbaz (), which have focused solely on carbon emissions as the proxy for environmental quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The influence of green energy investments on environmental quality in OECD countries

Ganda

2018

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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This empirical study analyzes the relationship between green energy investments on environmental quality in Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries from 2000 to 2014. Environmental quality was disaggregated into five widely known proxies: carbon emissions, greenhouse gases, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. On one hand, using the system‐Generalized Method of Moments estimator, the results of this paper demonstrate that renewable energy investments, primary energy supply, and economic growth produces negative and significant relationships with the growth of carbon emissions, greenhouse gases, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. On the other hand, the interaction term between renewable energy and primary energy supply shows positive and significant associations with all environmental quality indicators. Furthermore, the present study finds a U‐shaped relationship between environmental quality and income for carbon emissions, greenhouse gases, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides, which did not completely confirm existence of the environmental Kuznets curve. Therefore, the overall findings of the paper suggest that renewable energy adoption is of prime importance in lowering the growth in the emission of harmful gases and combatting climate change, although energy patterns and processes in OECD countries must be revised to ensure that they are environmentally friendly.

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Renewable energy consumption, urbanization, financial development, income and CO2 emissions in Turkey: Testing EKC hypothesis with structural breaks

Cited by 876 publications

References 52 publications

The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth, Industrial Structure, Renewable and Nuclear Energy, and Urbanization on Korean Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth, Industrial Structure, Renewable and Nuclear Energy, and Urbanization on Korean Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Towards cross‐regional sustainable development: The nexus between information and communication technology, energy consumption, and CO₂ emissions

The influence of green energy investments on environmental quality in OECD countries

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Renewable energy consumption, urbanization, financial development, income and CO2 emissions in Turkey: Testing EKC hypothesis with structural breaks

Cited by 876 publications

References 52 publications

The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth, Industrial Structure, Renewable and Nuclear Energy, and Urbanization on Korean Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth, Industrial Structure, Renewable and Nuclear Energy, and Urbanization on Korean Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Towards cross‐regional sustainable development: The nexus between information and communication technology, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions

The influence of green energy investments on environmental quality in OECD countries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Towards cross‐regional sustainable development: The nexus between information and communication technology, energy consumption, and CO₂ emissions