Renewable energy and GCC States energy challenges in the 21st century: A review

Abstract

Gulf States characterized by its strategic geographical location and huge reserves of oil and natural gas. It is also characterized by a high potential for the production of power from renewable energies such as wind, solar and wave energy. However, these capabilities were untapped in previous decades due to the cheap oil and gas energy production for the region because these countries are the oil and gas producers. In recent years, because of the high rise in oil prices in world markets, and its coincided with the plight of the deterioration of the financial markets in 2008 and its consequences with the Arab Spring incidents and ended up regionally and globally. Each of these variables has made the attention of decision-makers heading to the Gulf renewable energy, especially after the Gulf environment began to suffer from pollutants emitted from the exploration, production and transportation of oil and gas field as well as burning it in power stations. The steps taken by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is a shy at regional and global levels but nonetheless it is the first step of a thousand miles. This study shows the steps undertaken by the GCC countries to improve the environment and reduce the damage that has beset them, and the plans to move to the stage of optimal use of renewable energy. The biggest and most important obstacle in the face of the spread of renewable energy is to the high government support for electricity and fuel prices. As the citizens of the region need to educate the evils of environment pollution and the pros of using renewable energy.

Saudi Arabia's Electricity: Energy Supply and Demand Future Challenges

“…The annual growth rate of power generation is 3.2 percent for the period from 2018 to 2040. The highest producer oil Saudi Arabia was consumed nearly a quarter of its oil production as a direct burning oil for power generation in the summer months in 2013 [16] , [17]. Forecasting accuracy is the most important aspect of studying all forms of energy generation to determine future behaviour challenges of installation capacity such as load balance, quality stability, and reliability in order to analyse their implications for the power system and the local environment.…”

Renewable Resources Future and Awareness in Saudi Arabia, Solar Photovoltaic as a Model

“…The global trend is toward the renewable energy resources and Saudi Arabia is no exception. Although Saudi Arabia has the world's highest reserves for two energy sources, oil and natural gas [5]. There are many reasons that made Saudi In the event that the customer consumes less electricity than the photovoltaic counter, the customer will pay only the regular network meter fee, and the monthly surplus of the customer's output will be calculated at the end of each year 424 4.06 0.97 Agree If the power consumption of solar panels is equal to the customer's consumption: the customer will only pay an invoice for the standard network meter 424 4.06 0.93 Agree…”

Machine Learning Prediction Models of Electrical Efficiency of Photovoltaic-Thermal Collectors

“…There are several renewable energy sources which can be exploited to satisfy the energy sector demands. However, solar energy is considering more attention since it is available almost everywhere and also it is considered as clean energy with no harmful effect on the environment [1][2][3][4]. There are two defined classifications of active and passive for utilizing solar energy.…”