Renewable dimethyl carbonate for tertiary amine quaternisation: kinetic measurements and process optimisation

Abstract

Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) are an important part of the increasing surfactant market. Conventional production processes employ toxic alkyl halides in a Menshutkin reaction with a tertiary amine (DMDA). Dimethyl...

Reinforcing Native Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Layers via Electrolyte‐Swellable Soft‐Scaffold for Lithium Metal Anode

“…[ 38 ] Another plausible mechanism is that some tertiary amine groups at the ends of pDMAMS polymer branches electrochemically react with DEC to form quaternary ammonium cations and carbonate ions (Figures S23–S25, Supporting Information). [ 39 ] The resulting quaternary ammonium cationic polymer (poly(vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium carbonate), pVBTMAC), whose side‐chain functional groups constitute one of the important precursors for the synthesis of selective ion‐exchange polymers, [ 40 ] would effectively trap and preserve the carbonate anions as well as other beneficial SEI components. Besides, this partially quaternized poly(DMAMS‐ co ‐VBTMAC) layer would explain the record‐high t Li + number (0.95) as it can selectively sieve out Li ions from its solvation shell and allows it to pass solely through the 3S layer.…”

The dialkylcarbonate route to ionic liquids: purer, safer, greener?

“…20 According to a recent kinetic study, the optimum productivity of continuous preparation of [N 10111 ][MeOCO 2 ] via DMC route would be as high as 122 kg h −1 L −1 ( T = 270 °C, residence time = 0.25 min, molar ratio 1 : 2.5 : 10 ( N -dimethyldecylamine : DMC : MeOH)). 21…”

“…20 According to a recent kinetic study, the optimum productivity of continuous preparation of [N 10111 ][MeOCO 2 ] via DMC route would be as high as 122 kg h −1 L −1 (T = 270 °C, residence time = 0.25 min, molar ratio 1 : 2.5 : 10 (N-dimethyldecylamine : DMC : MeOH)). 21 After alkylation, the only purification step required is the evaporation of the solvent and of the excess of DMC, normally using a primary vacuum. The resulting alkyl carbonate ionic liquid can then be used as synthesized, or as an intermediate to prepare other ionic liquid, for example via the acid/base neutralisation as described in section 3.…”

Modern advancements in continuous-flow aided kinetic analysis

“…As these tools continuously measure the reaction medium, this allows a high data density to be obtained, which can be particularly useful when utilising the flow rate manipulations discussed within this review. [46][47][48][49][50] However, the use of PAT alone for kinetic analysis can be challenging, as there are often multiple interfering components within the reaction medium that result in difficulties obtaining the quantitative information necessary for modelling. 51 These challenges can be overcome in some cases using multivariate modelling, 47 but the high level of expertise necessary for this task results in many researchers utilising online, discrete sampling methods instead.…”