Renewable diesel blendstocks produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of wet biowaste

Chen, Wan‐Ting; Zhang, Yuanhui; Lee, Timothy H.; Wu, Zhenwei; Si, Buchun; Lee, Chia-Fon; Lin, Alice; Sharma, Brajendra K.

doi:10.1038/s41893-018-0172-3

Cited by 114 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Biomass and biomass‐derived feedstocks can be either used directly or processed to build high value‐added products. It is a renewable source of power and energy with many advantages …”

Section: Why Renewable Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Mesoporous Ni‐Based Catalysts and Evaluation of Their Catalytic and Photocatalytic Applications

Kour¹,

Mishra

Sinha

et al. 2020

ChemistrySelect

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Porous Ni‐based catalysts have attracted extensive attention for a wide range of applications in energy production and environmental remediation due to controllable morphology, high dispersion. These properties are mainly governed by a number of parameters such as compositions, synthesis methods, their structural morphology, and surface area. Various efforts have made to develop unsupported template‐assisted catalysts with specific nanostructures and surface properties, a new approach in supramolecular chemistry. This review reports a detailed overview of the development of mesoporous nickel‐based catalysts for energy and environmental applications. This review also looks at recent advancements, synthesis routes for porous nickel‐based catalysts, and comparative study with the reported Ni‐based catalysts. This review addresses numerous characteristic reactions and processes in the utilization of organic wastes, highlighting the significance of developing porous, proficient, and stable Ni‐based catalysts.

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“…Biomass and biomass‐derived feedstocks can be either used directly or processed to build high value‐added products. It is a renewable source of power and energy with many advantages …”

Section: Why Renewable Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Mesoporous Ni‐Based Catalysts and Evaluation of Their Catalytic and Photocatalytic Applications

Kour¹,

Mishra

Sinha

et al. 2020

ChemistrySelect

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“…Moreover, the viscosity of the distillates separated from HTL biocrude oil was significantly reduced [16]. The reduced viscosity indicates that there is a high potential to utilize these distillates as drop-in fuels, or a blendstock for petroleum fuels [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…On the other hand, it was reported that after proper separations, such as distillation, the oxygen content in the biocrude oil could be reduced to 5% and the heating values could be increased to 41-45 MJ/kg [15]. Moreover, the viscosity of the distillates separated from HTL biocrude oil was significantly reduced [16]. The reduced viscosity indicates that there is a high potential to utilize these distillates as drop-in fuels, or a blendstock for petroleum fuels [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Diesel Blendstocks and Biopriviliged Chemicals Distilled from Algal Biocrude Oil Converted via Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Chen

Wu²,

Si³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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This study aims to produce renewable diesel and biopriviliged chemicals from microalgae that can thrive in wastewater environment. <i>Spirulina</i> (SP) was converted into biocrude oil at 300ºC for a 30-minute reaction time via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Next, fractional distillation was used to separate SP-derived biocrude oil into different distillates. It was found that 62% of the viscous SP-derived biocrude oil can be separated into liquids at about 270ºC (steam temperature of the distillation). Physicochemical characterizations, including density, viscosity, acidity, elemental compositions, higher heating values and chemical compositions, were carried out with the distillates separated from SP-derived biocrude oil. These analyses showed that 15% distillates could be used as renewable diesel because they have similar heating values (43-46 MJ/kg) and carbon numbers (ranging from C8 to C18) to petroleum diesel. The Van Krevelan diagram of the distillates suggests that deoxygenation was effectively achieved by fractional distillation. In addition, GC-MS analysis indicates that some distillates contain biopriviliged chemicals like aromatics, phenols and fatty nitriles that can be used as commodity chemicals. An algal biorefinery roadmap was proposed based on the analyses of different distillates from the SP-derived biocrude oil. Finally, the fuel specification analysis was conducted with the drop-in renewable diesel, which was prepared with 10 vol.% (HTL10) distillates and 90 vol.% petroleum diesel. According to the fuel specification analysis, HTL10 exhibited a qualified lubricity (<520 µm), acidity (<0.3 mg KOH/g) and oxidation stability (>6 hr), as well as a comparable net heat of combustion (1% lower), ash content (29% lower) and viscosity (17% lower) to those of petroleum diesel. Ultimately, it is expected that this study can provide insights for potential application of algal biocrude oil converted via HTL.

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“…Among them, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has been proven as a promising technology generating advanced biofuels regardless of the moisture content of the biomass [10]. As a thermochemical technique, HTL offers a value-added bio-product with more than 75% of the heating value compared to conventional petroleum (HHV: 32 to 38 MJ/kg) and a relatively low oxygen content [11][12][13]. Sub-critical HTL can hydrothermally convert biopolymeric structures to hydrophobic compounds at 280-370 • C and 10 to 35 MPa [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Crude Production Improvement during Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biopulp by Simultaneous Application of Alkali Catalysts and Aqueous Phase Recirculation

et al. 2021

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This study focuses on the valorization of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (biopulp) by hydrothermal liquefaction. Thereby, homogeneous alkali catalysts (KOH, NaOH, K2CO3, and Na2CO3) and a residual aqueous phase recirculation methodology were mutually employed to enhance the bio-crude yield and energy efficiency of a sub-critical hydrothermal conversion (350 °C, 15–20 Mpa, 15 min). Interestingly, single recirculation of the concentrated aqueous phase positively increased the bio-crude yield in all cases, while the higher heating value (HHV) of the bio-crudes slightly dropped. Compared to the non-catalytic experiment, K2CO3 and Na2CO3 effectively increased the bio-crude yield by 14 and 7.3%, respectively. However, KOH and NaOH showed a negative variation in the bio-crude yield. The highest bio-crude yield (37.5 wt.%) and energy recovery (ER) (59.4%) were achieved when K2CO3 and concentrated aqueous phase recirculation were simultaneously applied to the process. The inorganics distribution results obtained by ICP reveal the tendency of the alkali elements to settle into the aqueous phase, which, if recovered, can potentially boost the circularity of the HTL process. Therefore, wise selection of the alkali catalyst along with aqueous phase recirculation assists hydrothermal liquefaction in green biofuel production and environmentally friendly valorization of biopulp.

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Renewable diesel blendstocks produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of wet biowaste

Cited by 114 publications

References 40 publications

The Development of Mesoporous Ni‐Based Catalysts and Evaluation of Their Catalytic and Photocatalytic Applications

The Development of Mesoporous Ni‐Based Catalysts and Evaluation of Their Catalytic and Photocatalytic Applications

Renewable Diesel Blendstocks and Biopriviliged Chemicals Distilled from Algal Biocrude Oil Converted via Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Bio-Crude Production Improvement during Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biopulp by Simultaneous Application of Alkali Catalysts and Aqueous Phase Recirculation

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