Rendimiento de biomasa y grano en variedades de triticale en el valle de Mexicali

Abstract

El valle de Mexicali es una región importante en la producción de carne y leche de origen bovino con aceptación en otros países principalmente Estados Unidos de América, Japón y Corea. Por tal motivo, se requiere forraje de calidad para la alimentación del ganado como el triticale, utilizado en diversas zonas de México; sin embargo, en el valle de Mexicali no se tiene información del comportamiento agronómico. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento de biomasa seca y grano de 10 variedades de triticale en los ciclos O-I 2014-2015 y 2015-2016, en el Valle de Mexicali. El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron 10 variedades de triticale de diferentes tipos de crecimiento, 4 primaverales, 2 facultativos, 4 invernales y avena. En el primer ciclo de evaluación, la mayor producción de biomasa total correspondió a la variedad AN105 y AN125 con 10.7 y 10.5 t ha-1, en rendimiento de grano las variedades AN105, AN38, AN125, AN31B, ABT y Eronga produjeron de 7.3 a 5.4 t ha-1. Para el segundo ciclo, las variedades superiores en biomasa total fueron AN31B, ABT, AN38, AN34, AN31P y Eronga con 6 a 4.9 t ha-1 y en rendimiento de grano AN38, AN123, Eronga y AN125 de 4.1 a 3.1 t ha-1. En conclusión, las variedades invernales AN31B y AN34 mostraron potencial para la producción de biomasa total, la variedad facultativa AN38 y las variedades primaverales AN125 y Eronga, presentaron superioridad en rendimiento de grano en los dos ciclos de evaluación.

Agronomic Evaluation and Physiological Quality in Triticale, under Two Production Systems in the Laguna Region

“…For the case of the systems, the system without cut had the longest length of 12.64 cm and the system with cut a length of 12.30 cm, very similar values to those of the localities. For the varieties, variety 8 was the one that presented the highest value with a longitude of 13.47 cm, with the other varieties ranging between 11 and 13 cm, similar to what was reported by Velasco et al (2020). In the means comparison test for the variable number of spikelets per spike (SS) in the case of localities, L1 presented the highest value with 29 spikelets per spike and L2 with a value of 26 spikelets per spike.…”

“…In the case of the production systems, the system without cut had the highest value with 28 spikelets per spike and the system with cut a value of 27 spikelets per spike. In the case of the varieties, varieties 7 and 8 shared the same letter with the highest value of 30 spikelets per spike, values similar to those mentioned by Velasco et al (2020). It is important for this variable to be related to (NSS) since that is where it is related to the fertility of the spikelet and which is directly related to grain production.…”

“…Between the systems without cut and with cut there was a higher number of seeds in the system without cut because the crop was kept without the fodder cut, and with the cut performed there was lower regrowth and therefore the plant was only able to produce spikes, but with lower vigor, which generated a lower number of seeds per spike. Within the varieties, the values presented a similar trend, although variety 7 of late habit was the one that presented the highest average value of 54 seeds per ear, which is why this is directly linked to the number of spikelets per spike, according to Velasco et al (2020) who obtained higher results fluctuating between 73 and 59 (NSS). However, Paccapelo et al (2017) reported values that ranged between 39 and 28 seeds per spike.…”

Genomic Instability and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Two Communities Exposed to Pesticides in the Mexicali Valley by the L-CBMN Assay

“…In Mexico, particularly in the Mexicali Valley, agricultural activity is associated with high pesticide exposure due to increased human and cattle feed crop production [5,6].…”