Rendement d’assimilation et bilan énergétique chez les éléphanteaux d’Afrique (Loxodonta africana Blumenbach)

Monfort, Alain; Monfort, Nicole

doi:10.1515/mamm.1979.43.4.543

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The results of this study are generally in accord with corresponding literature data (Table 7). High intakes in that data set were achieved by growing animals (Monfort and Monfort, 1979;Spala et al, 1990), which compares well with the intake observed in elephant no. 1 from this study.…”

Section: Intake and Digestibility Datasupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Gross energy (GE) was determined by bomb calorimetry using an IKA ® ‐Calorimeter C 4000 adiabatic (Janke & Kunkel, Staufen, Germany). Chromium oxide was determined according to Petry and Rapp (1970). After wet ashing, calcium (Ca) was determined by flame photometry (Eppendorf ® Elex 6361, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) and phosphorus (P) by measuring the increase in coloration of the ashed sample with ammonium molybdic acid and ammonium vanadic acid (1 : 1) by spectralphotometry.…”

Section: Animals Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on feed digestibilities in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)

Clauss

Loehlein

Kienzle

et al. 2003

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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SummaryIn order to test the suitability of the horse as a nutritional model for elephants, digestibility studies were performed with six captive Asian elephants on six different dietary regimes, using the double marker method with acid detergent lignin as an internal and chromium oxide as an external digestibility marker. Elephants resembled horses in the way dietary supplements and dietary crude fibre content influenced digestibility, in calcium absorption parameters and in faecal volatile fatty acid composition. However, the absolute digestibility coefficients achieved for all nutrients are distinctively lower in elephants. This is because of much faster ingesta passage rates reported for elephants. No answer is given to why elephants do not make use of their high digestive potential theoretically provided by their immense body weight. Differences in volatile fatty acid concentrations between these captive elephants and those reported from elephants from the wild are in accord with a reported high dependence of free-ranging elephants on browse forage. Zusammenfassung

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Section: Intake and Digestibility Datasupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Animals Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on feed digestibilities in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)

Clauss

Loehlein

Kienzle

et al. 2003

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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show abstract

“…From common hippos on roughage diets we know that DMI ranges from 22–45 g kg −0.75 day −1 which nicely matches the predicted limitation (Field 1970, Arman and Field 1973, Clauss et al 2004); in contrast, the reported or estimated food intake of elephants is between 98–157 g kg −0.75 day −1 for free‐ranging (Monfort and Monfort 1979, Meissner et al 1990, Ruggiero 1992) and 63–183 g kg −0.75 day −1 for captive elephants on forage‐only diets (Hackenberger 1987, Roehrs et al 1989, Clauss et al 2003). Free‐ranging elephants spend 75% of the day foraging (Hendrichs 1971, Wyatt and Eltringham 1974, Vancuylenberg 1977), in contrast to hippos which are known to spend only 30% of the day foraging (Verheyen 1954, Owen‐Smith 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

The relationship of food intake and ingesta passage predicts feeding ecology in two different megaherbivore groups

Clauß¹,

Streich²,

Schwarm³

et al. 2007

Oikos

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Digestion, especially of plant material, is a time-dependent process. In herbivores, an increase in food intake is usually correlated to an acceleration of ingesta passage through the gut, and could hence depress digestive efficiency. Therefore, the nature of the relationship between food intake and ingesta passage (i.e. whether the increase in ingesta passage due to the increase in food intake is mild or drastic) should determine the flexibility of the feeding strategy of herbivore and omnivore species. Using two megaherbivore groups, the elephants and the hippopotamuses, as examples from opposing ends of the range of potential adaptations to this problem, we demonstrate that the species-specific relationship of food intake and ingesta passage can precisely predict feeding ecology and activity budgets. In hippos, the distinct acceleration in ingesta passage due to increased intake limits the additional energy gained from eating more forage, and explains the comparatively low food intake and short feeding times generally observed in these animals. In elephants, increased food intake only leads to a very moderate increase of ingesta passage, thus theoretically allowing to optimize energy gain by eating more, which is in accord with the high food intake and long feeding times observed in these animals. We suggest that the characterization of the intake-passage relationship in herbi-and omnivorous species is of much higher ecological relevance than the determination of a supposedly species-specific ''passage time/mean retention time''.

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“…From common hippos on roughage diets we know that DMI ranges from 22Á45 g kg (0.75 day (1 which nicely matches the predicted limitation (Field 1970, Arman and Field 1973, Clauss et al 2004; in contrast, the reported or estimated food intake of elephants is between 98Á157 g kg (0.75 day (1 for free-ranging (Monfort and Monfort 1979, Meissner et al 1990, Ruggiero 1992) and 63 Á183 g kg (0.75 day (1 for captive elephants on forage-only diets (Hackenberger 1987, Roehrs et al 1989, Clauss et al 2003. Freeranging elephants spend 75% of the day foraging (Hendrichs 1971, Wyatt and Eltringham 1974, Vancuylenberg 1977, in contrast to hippos which are known to spend only 30% of the day foraging (Verheyen 1954, Owen-Smith 1988.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

The relationship of food intake and ingesta passage predicts feeding ecology in two different megaherbivore groups

Clauß

Streich²,

Schwarm³

et al. 2007

Oikos

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Digestion, especially of plant material, is a time-dependent process. In herbivores, an increase in food intake is usually correlated to an acceleration of ingesta passage through the gut, and could hence depress digestive efficiency. Therefore, the nature of the relationship between food intake and ingesta passage (i.e. whether the increase in ingesta passage due to the increase in food intake is mild or drastic) should determine the flexibility of the feeding strategy of herbivore and omnivore species. Using two megaherbivore groups, the elephants and the hippopotamuses, as examples from opposing ends of the range of potential adaptations to this problem, we demonstrate that the species-specific relationship of food intake and ingesta passage can precisely predict feeding ecology and activity budgets. In hippos, the distinct acceleration in ingesta passage due to increased intake limits the additional energy gained from eating more forage, and explains the comparatively low food intake and short feeding times generally observed in these animals. In elephants, increased food intake only leads to a very moderate increase of ingesta passage, thus theoretically allowing to optimize energy gain by eating more, which is in accord with the high food intake and long feeding times observed in these animals. We suggest that the characterization of the intake-passage relationship in herbi- and omnivorous species is of much higher ecological relevance than the determination of a supposedly species-specific "passage time/mean retention time"

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Rendement d’assimilation et bilan énergétique chez les éléphanteaux d’Afrique (Loxodonta africana Blumenbach)

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Studies on feed digestibilities in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)

Studies on feed digestibilities in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)

The relationship of food intake and ingesta passage predicts feeding ecology in two different megaherbivore groups

The relationship of food intake and ingesta passage predicts feeding ecology in two different megaherbivore groups

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