Renal transplant ultrasound: The nephrologist's perspective

Abstract

One of the principal roles of a nephrologist is to closely monitor renal transplant allograft function and promptly evaluate any dysfunction. Renal transplant sonography has a major role in this assessment process given its ability to easily define renal transplant anatomy and surrounding structures. Abnormalities can be extrarenal or involve vascular, parenchymal and urological components of the graft and these can acutely or chronically influence graft function and survival. Procedural guidance as is required during allograft biopsy, as well as routine surveillance and screening for post transplant complications such as malignancy are also important applications of ultrasound in the management of renal transplant recipients. This article outlines key ultrasound findings and applications in renal transplantation from the clinician's perspective.

High-resolution label-free mapping of murine kidney vasculature by raster-scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy: an ex vivo study

“…To date, imaging of kidney tissue is mostly performed via ultrasound [ 40 ], while imaging techniques such as blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance tomography still lack significant clinical impact [ 41 , 42 ]. However, due to its scalability in resolution and imaging depth, OAI provides high potential for further developments to visualize kidney parenchyma [ 18 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Ултразвук, Колор Дуплекс Доплер И Интервентна Ехосонографија Во Дијагностика На Промени И Компликации Кај Трансплантиран Бубрег

“…Наод на високи вредности на RI на ниво на одредени крвни садови, како и прекин на континуитетот на систоло-дијастолната линија, при следење на крвотокот (особено на ниво на аркуатните артерии), укажува на паренхимско страдање и можно отфрлање на графтот [5,6,7]. Овие промени точно се утврдуваат со користење на колор дуплекс-доплерот.…”

Evolving Medical Imaging Techniques for the Assessment of Delayed Graft Function: A Narrative Review

“…Changes due to ATN or rejection are often subtle and nonspecific on the US due to the poor soft tissue contrast of this modality. 47 Findings may include increased cortical echogenicity, loss of corticomedullary differentiation, focal or diffuse parenchymal edema, and reduced/reversed/absent end-diastolic flow. Renal arterial resistive index (RI), a common Doppler-based metric that is based on renal blood flow measurements, is defined as (peak systolic velocity – end-diastolic velocity) / peak systolic velocity.…”