Renal stone disease

Johri, Nikhil; Jaeger, Philippe; Robertson, William; Choong, Simon; Unwin, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/j.mpmed.2011.04.005

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In recent years, an intense increase in the incidence of urolithiasis has been observed, especially in populations living in highly developed countries. In these countries, urolithiasis affects up to 20% of the population, depending on the geographical region studied. − One of the types of urinary stones is infectious stones caused by urease-producing bacteria, which make up 10–30% of all types of stones diagnosed in humans. , Studies show that in 70% of cases, the formation of infectious urinary stones is caused by the bacteria Proteus mirabilis . , These bacteria have the ability to produce urease, an enzyme that breaks down urea naturally present in the urine of a healthy person. As a result of this decomposition and cascades of subsequent chemical reactions, conditions occur in which solid phases are formed that initiate the formation of infectious urinary stones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of (−)-Epicatechin on Poorly Crystalline and Amorphous Precipitate. The Role of Green Tea Compound in the Formation of Infectious Urinary Stones

Prywer

Mielniczek‐Brzóska

2019

Crystal Growth & Design

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Infectious urinary stones induced to grow by urease-producing bacteria consist of aggregates of bacteria, highly crystalline struvite, and poorly crystalline and amorphous precipitate (PCaAP). The paper describes an experimental study on the influence of (−)-epicatechin, a green tea component, on the nucleation and growth of PCaAP. The crystallization process of PCaAP was performed in artificial urine, and the activity of bacteria was simulated by the addition of aqueous ammonia solution. The formation of struvite was avoided by using Mg-free artificial urine. Optical microscopy methods and spectrophotometric measurements both confirm that (−)-epicatechin promotes the nucleation and growth of PCaAP. This means that PCaAP nucleation is shifted toward a lower pH compared to the control test. The results of the experiments are explained based on the theoretical analysis of the chemical species formed in artificial urine. This chemical speciation analysis shows that the experimentally observed effects are due to the effect of (−)-epicatechin on the formation of CaCO 3 , CaHPO 4 , CaC 2 O 4 , CaCit − , and HPO 4 2− species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of (−)-Epicatechin on Poorly Crystalline and Amorphous Precipitate. The Role of Green Tea Compound in the Formation of Infectious Urinary Stones

Prywer

Mielniczek‐Brzóska

2019

Crystal Growth & Design

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“…Johri et al discussed the changes of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and citric acid levels in hydronephrosis caused by stones. 11 Maril et al applied magnetic resonance imaging to compare the gradient of sodium distribution in normal rats and obstructed rats. 12 Madsen et al researched epidermal growth factor and monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 as potential biomarkers of urinary tract obstruction in children with hydronephrosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers also identified certain metabolites as potential biomarkers for hydronephrosis. Johri et al discussed the changes of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and citric acid levels in hydronephrosis caused by stones . Maril et al applied magnetic resonance imaging to compare the gradient of sodium distribution in normal rats and obstructed rats .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Response in Rabbit Urine to Occurrence and Relief of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

Wang

Shen

et al. 2018

J. Proteome Res.

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Ureteral obstruction will lead clinically to hydronephrosis, which may further develop into partial or complete loss of kidney function and even cause permanent histological damage. However, there is little knowledge of metabolic responses during the obstructed process and its recoverability. In this study, a complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) model was established in the rabbit, and H NMR-based metabolomic analysis of urine was used to reveal the metabolic perturbations in rabbits caused by CUUO and the metabolic recovery after the CUUO was relieved. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify metabolic characteristics. The gradually decreased levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-methylhistidine, creatinine, guanidoacetate, meta- and para-hydroxyphenylacetate, and phenylacetylglycine and the gradually increased levels of acetate, alanine, citrate, glycine, lactate, and methionine in urine could be regarded as potential biomarkers for the occurrence and severity of ureteral obstruction. And the reduced levels of 3-methylhistidine, creatinine, guanidoacetate, hippurate, meta-hydroxyphenylacetate, and methylguanidine and the elevated levels of 2-aminoisobutyrate, acetylcholine, citrate, lactate, lysine, valine, and α-ketoglutarate in urine compared with the obstructed level could characterize the metabolic recovery of ureteral obstruction. Our results depicted the disturbed biochemical pathways involved in ureteral obstruction and demonstrated the practicability of recovering renal functions for the patients with severe hydronephrosis in clinical practice by removing causes for obstruction.

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“…countries. In these countries, urolithiasis affects up to 20% of the population, depending on the geographical region studied [20][21][22][23][24] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Consumption of soft drinks rich in phosphoric acid versus struvite crystallization from artificial urine

Skubisz

Torzewska

Mielniczek‐Brzóska

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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In recent years, there has been a continuous increase in the incidence of urolithiasis, especially in highly developed countries. Therefore, the question arises which factors specific to these countries may be responsible for the increase in the incidence of this disease. In this article, we try to assess the effect of phosphoric acid, a component of various carbonated drinks, including Coca-Cola, on the nucleation and growth of struvite crystals, which are the main component of infectious urinary stones. The research was carried out in the environment of artificial urine with and without the presence of Proteus mirabilis bacteria. In the latter case, the activity of bacterial urease was simulated by adding an aqueous ammonia solution. The obtained results indicate that phosphoric acid present in artificial urine causes the nucleation of struvite to shift towards a lower pH, which means that struvite nucleates earlier in artificial urine compared to the control test. The amount of struvite formed is the greater the higher the concentration of phosphoric acid. At the same time, as the concentration of phosphoric acid increases, the growing struvite crystals are larger, which is disadvantageous because they are more difficult to remove from the urinary tract along with the urine. For the highest levels of phosphoric acid tested, large dendrites are formed, which are particularly undesirable as they can damage the epithelium of the urinary tract. The effect of phosphoric acid on the nucleation and growth of struvite is explained in base of chemical speciation analysis. This analysis indicates that the MgHCit and MgCit− complexes have the main influence on the nucleation and growth of struvite in artificial urine in the presence of phosphoric acid. It should be keep in mind that all these effects of phosphoric acid are possible when the urinary tract is infected with urease-positive bacteria. In the absence of infection, phosphoric acid will not cause struvite to crystallize.

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Renal stone disease

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of (−)-Epicatechin on Poorly Crystalline and Amorphous Precipitate. The Role of Green Tea Compound in the Formation of Infectious Urinary Stones

Effect of (−)-Epicatechin on Poorly Crystalline and Amorphous Precipitate. The Role of Green Tea Compound in the Formation of Infectious Urinary Stones

Metabolic Response in Rabbit Urine to Occurrence and Relief of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

Consumption of soft drinks rich in phosphoric acid versus struvite crystallization from artificial urine

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