Renal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presented With Bone Metastasis and Coexistence With Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: A Case Report

Abstract

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the kidney is a rare entity. Coexistence of SCC with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephrits is exceedingly rare with only few reports in the literature. We report a case of a 45-year-old male patient with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis coexistence with renal SCC in one kidney, which proved radiologically and histopathologically. The patient presented to the medical care with bone metastasis. Full radiology workup is also provided which includes computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography.

Focal Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis with Pulmonary Lesions on the Background of Type Two Diabetes Mellitus

“…It seems that her pulmonary nodules had been septic pulmonary embolisms. There is a similar case presentation in the literature which reports XGP complicated with pulmonary embolism [ 6 ]. Our case is the second presenting with this complication.…”

“…The focal form has a reputation for imitating more serious pathologies [ 5 ]. Symptomatically XGP presents with urinary tract infection resistant to antibiotics, fever, haematuria, dysuria, abdominal pain, a palpable mass, anorexia, and weight loss [ 6 ]. The aetiology is uncertain.…”

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis in a Child: A Rare Entity

“…XGP is an unusual variant of chronic pyelonephritis and occurs usually after prologed obstruction due to infected renal stones, mainly reported in adults [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Although exact incidence is not known, each year 1.4 cases per 100,000 occur worldwide [3].…”

“…There is often diagnostic delay and also confusion with other renal pathologies such as tumour, cystic mass, and tuberculosis. Its etiology remains unclear although as many as 6 causes have been proposed: (1) Urinary obstruction, (2) urinary tract infection, (3) abnormal lipid metabolism, (4) lymphatic obstruction, (5) altered immune response, and (6) vascular occlusion [1]. Historically, most of the XGP cases were diagnosed by histopathology after nephrectomy, because the clinical and radiologic features are difficult to describe [2].…”

A clinicopathological study of Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

“…Inflammation destroys the renal parenchyma either diffuse (83-90%) or segmental and focal (together 10-17%) [2] . Clinically XGP presents with recurrent urinary tract infections resistant to antibiotics, fever, hematuria, dysuria, abdominal mass, palpable mass, anorexia and weight loss [4] . Often associated with Proteus infections and obstruction, the lesion sometimes produce large, yellowish orange nodules that may be grossly confused with renal maliganancy [2] .…”