Renal Safety of Iodinated Contrast Media Depending on Their Osmolarity – Current Outlooks

Abstract

SummaryIodinated contrast media (ICM) are commonly administered pharmaceutical agents. Most often they are used intravenously and intraarterially. Although iodinated contrast agents are relatively safe and widely used, adverse events occur and questions remain about their use, safety, and interactions. The most important adverse effects of contrast media include hypersensitivity reactions, thyroid dysfunction, and contrast-induced nephropathy. Radiologists must be aware of the risk factors for reactions to contrast media.Nonionic iodinated contrast agents can be divided into monomeric, low-osmolar, and dimeric, iso-osmolar classes. The osmotic characteristics of contrast media have been a significant focus in many investigations of contrast-induced nephropathy.

The molecular mechanism of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and its link to in vitro studies on iodinated contrast media (CM)

“…Chemical effects are mainly referred as contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and will be discussed later. Anaphylactic reaction is the most common situation in constitutional effect and may cause mild symptom such as nausea and vomiting, dizziness, rash and itch, or chest discomfort, shock in more severe situation, or even death [ 21 , 23 , 28 , 29 , 32 ]. Iodinated contrast media cause little allergic reactions, especially for low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM).…”

Anti-Apoptotic and Antioxidant Effects of 3-Epi-Iso-Seco-Tanapartholide Isolated from Artemisia argyi against Iodixanol-Induced Kidney Epithelial Cell Death

“…It is reported to have a lower risk of nephropathy compared with other contrast agents [ 5 ]. Thus, adverse reactions caused by osmolality have been reduced; however, hypersensitivity and other specific reactions induced by contrast agents are increasing [ 6 ]. Although little is known as yet about the pathogenesis of contrast-induced nephropathy, hypoxia, renal ischemia, and cytotoxic effects on renal tubular cells have been reported to cause contrast-induced nephropathy [ 7 ].…”

口服二甲双胍的糖尿病患者能否进行荧光素眼底血管造影?

“…1 CIN, which is mainly induced by iodinated contrast media (ICM), is an acute renal insufficiency occurred in patients with normal renal function, or a worsen of chronic renal insufficiency. 2 Although ICM is relatively safe, adverse events occurs from time to time. The typical clinical manifestation of CIN is non-oliguria acute renal damage, which generally occurs within 1 or 2 days after contrast application.…”