Renal replacement lipomatosis - A rare but also underdiagnosed entity

Abstract

Renal replacement lipomatosis (RRL) is a rare condition that occurs as an end result of renal atrophy or replacement of renal parenchyma by excessive lipomatous tissue in renal sinus and perinephric space. We reported a case of RRL presented in our tertiary health centre. Left Nephrectomy was performed kidney sent to our department for histopathology examination and after extensive literature search, a diagnosis of RRL was given. In majority of cases, RRL is associated with renal calculi. Idiopathic variety of RRL is not common. It is a rare entity and due to lack of experience the diagnosis may be missed. It has to be differentiated from other fat-containing tumors such as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, renal lipomas, liposarcoma and angiomyolipoma.