Renal Prostaglandins

Dünn, Michael J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6722-6_4

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…This acceleration in hypertension is considered to be attributable to a reduction of vascular PG (PGI 2 ) biosynthesis and to be unrelated to renal PG production. 4 In contrast, when indomethacin was acutely and intravenously injected, the inhibitor showed a vasodepressor action in 2K1C rats. 20 Jackson et al 32 reported that, in rats under the severe hyperreninemic condition caused by complete aortic ligation between the origin of the renal arteries, hypertension was reduced by indomethacin.…”

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confidence: 95%

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Aspirin lowers blood pressure in patients with renovascular hypertension.

et al. 1989

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To clarify the role of renal prostanoid in hyperreninemia and high blood pressure in human renovascular hypertension, we measured prostaglandin E 2 and renin activity in renal venous and abdominal aortic plasma before and after the intravenous administration of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, aspirin DL-lysine. Subjects were six patients with unilateral renovascular hypertension and six with essential hypertension. In patients with renovascular hypertension, prostaglandin E 2 concentration in renal venous plasma from the stenotic kidney was 9.25 ±1.48 pg/ml, which was significantly higher (/?<0.01) than the concentration in the renal venous plasma from the normal kidney (4.97±1.02 pg/ml) or in the aortic plasma (2.59±0.15 pg/ml). Plasma renin activity was also higher in the renal vein of the stenotic kidney than in the other two sites. The stenotic side/normal side ratio of the renal venous prostaglandin E 2 correlated significantly with a renin ratio greater than 1.5 (r=0.8211, p<0.05). Intravenous injection of aspirin DL-lysine (18 mg/kg) 30 minutes later markedly suppressed prostaglandin E 2 and renin levels at all sites and clearly lowered arterial blood pressure (mean: from 120±6 to 110±5 mm Hg,p<0.01). The reduction in blood pressure correlated significantly with the suppression of plasma renin activity in the aorta (/?<0.05) and in the renal vein of the stenotic kidney (/?<0.01). Conversely, in patients with essential hypertension, aspirin had little effect on renin levels and increased mean blood pressure. These data indicate that renal prostaglandin plays an important role in the augmented release of renal renin and the pathogenesis of hypertension in human renovascular hypertension. {Hypertension 1989;14:461-468)

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confidence: 95%

“…4 ' 5 . 33 ' 34 Acute administration of ASP appears to cause an acute reduction in vascular PG synthesis, thus leading to a pressor response in essential hypertension.…”

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confidence: 99%

Aspirin lowers blood pressure in patients with renovascular hypertension.

et al. 1989

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“…The stimulating effect of K on the glomerular synthe sis of PGE2 was not observed in Na-depleted rats. In fact, in these animals, the synthesis of all prostanoids was markedly increased, a well-known phenomenon [2,3]. This suggests that, in this condition, a maximal capacity of prostanoid synthesis is exploited, limiting the effec tiveness of any further stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…A considerable number of studies have been performed since then, in vivo and in vitro, in animals and in humans [2,3], The concept that alterations of potassium (K) balance may influence the synthesis of renal prostaglan dins (PG) is much more recent, and was introduced after the first reports of an increased urinary excretion of PGE2 in K-depleted dogs [4] and humans [5]. In vivo studies in rats have given conflicting results [6,7], In vitro studies using rabbit medullary interstitial cells in culture demon strated a stimulating effect of K depletion on PGE2 syn thesis [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Renal Prostanoid Synthesis Induced by Potassium Loading in Rats

Bernheim¹,

Podjarny²,

Kariv³

et al. 1989

Nephron

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Previous works have demonstrated changes in the urinary excretion of prostaglandins (PG) in response to changes in potassium (K) or sodium (Na) intake. In the present study, the production of PGE₂, PGF_2α, 6-keto-PGF_1αand thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) by isolated glomeruli, cortical homogenates, medullary and papillary slices was measured in K-loaded rats on either a normal or a low Na intake. In glomeruli, K loading increased selectively PGE₂synthesis. In Na-depleted animals, all prostanoids were elevated and K loading did not induce a further increase. In cortical and medullary preparations, PGE₂ was decreased by K loading irrespective of the state of Na balance. In papilla, PGE₂ decreased (in all K-loaded rats) and PGF_2α increased (only in rats with normal Na intake). 6-Keto-PGF_1α and TXB₂ did not change significantly. No correlation was present between changes of PG synthesis and urinary kallikrein excretion. The results demonstrate a specific effect of K on PGE₂ and PGF_2α, and suggest a role for these substances in K homeostasis.

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“…5 *- 57 In contrast, there is little evidence that the renal prostaglandins play a major regulatory role in the extrarenal circulation and, therefore, that they contribute directly to the pathogenesis of hypertension secondary to urinary tract obstruction.…”

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Hypertension in a 74-year-old man with hydronephrosis and coronary disease.

Oparil¹

1985

Hypertension

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A 74-year-old man with bilateral iliac aneurysms had a 20-to 30-year history of hypertension, which was reasonably well controlled by medications. He had suffered two myocardial infarctions 12 and 20 years previously. Three years previously, he had undergone elective repair of an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm with an aortobifemoral prosthetic graft. He had suffered several episodes of urinary tract infection in the 3 to 4 years preceding admission; 5 months before admission he was treated successfully for another urinary tract infection, but residual microscopic hematuria was noted. Results of a cystoscopy were normal, but an intravenous pyelogram demonstrated gross left hydronephrosis with bilateral iliac artery aneurysms. He was admitted for arteriography and operation.The patient had no history of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, cigarette smoking, or alcohol abuse. Medications included triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide (Dyazide), 1 capsule per day, a-methyldopa, 250 mg t.i.d. orally, and nadolol, 40 mg/day orally.The patient had mild stable angina and 2-to 3-block dyspnea on exertion. He also complained of dysuria, hematuria, and twice-nightly nocturia.Physical examination on admission revealed a welldeveloped man in no distress. His pulse rate was 64 beats/min, and his blood pressure was 140/86 mm Hg without postural change. Carotid pulses were normal, with a right carotid bruit. Examination of the lungs showed bilateral basilar rales. Point of maximal impulse was the sixth intercostal space at the anterior axillary line; S, was constant, S 2 was physiologically split, and S 4 was present. A grade 2/6 apical systolic murmur radiating to the left sternal border was also present. The patient's abdomen was obese with a pulsatile left lower quadrant and no organomegaly. A small, firm prostate was noted, and the extremities showed no edema. Ankle pulses were present except for an absent right posterior tibial pulse.Laboratory studies disclosed the following values: normal electrolyte levels; creatinine, 2.1 mg/dl; blood urea nitrogen, 33 mg/dl; hematocrit, 42%. Chest roentgenogTam showed cardiomegaly and tortuous aorta. Electrocardiogram showed left axis deviation, left atrial abnormality, prominent lateral S waves, possible pulmonary disease, and nonspecific ST-T wave changes. Urinalysis demonstrated proteinuria (4 + ) and 25 to 30 red blood cells per high power field. Urine culture was negative. Case DiscussionThe patient is an elderly man with a history of longstanding hypertension well controlled on medications who also has symptomatic coronary artery disease characterized by two remote myocardial infarctions

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Renal Prostaglandins

Cited by 22 publications

References 134 publications

Aspirin lowers blood pressure in patients with renovascular hypertension.

Aspirin lowers blood pressure in patients with renovascular hypertension.

Changes in Renal Prostanoid Synthesis Induced by Potassium Loading in Rats

Hypertension in a 74-year-old man with hydronephrosis and coronary disease.

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