Renal pathology associated with kidney stones in two buffaloes

Abstract

Background: Reports on kidney stone incidences in large animal is not uncommon and that too in buffaloes. Despite, their repeated recording during post mortem examination, detailed elaboration of their effect on renal system including anatomical and functional changes were not described sufficiently. It is believed that nutritional alteration(s) in feeding regimen of large animals play significant reason(s) to their formation. Besides this, the current medication practices being followed in Indian situation that includes indiscriminate prescription of non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) for pain management in large animal as well as in human subject is highly alarming due to potential stone formation and is a matter of public health concern with respects to its imminent detrimental effect on renal system structure and functioning and thus disastrous impact on animal and human health. This study could acts an eye opener for all of us. Possible and considerable degree of utilization of accumulated updates on this subject delivered a valuable discussion to this case article. Findings: Spontaneous presence of renal stones in kidney was a prominent observation. On histopathological examination, the study revealed remarkable changes characterized by interstitial fibrosis near renal calices, capillaries extravasation(s) and mild angiogenesis in first case, while in second case, marked chronic renal fibroplasias/fibrosis and formation of indented proximal convoluted tubules and cystic dilatation of other renal tubules. Most of renal interstitium apparently showed marked dense collagenous matrix resembling to indistinct bony matrix, which was clearly discernible with Masson's Trichome staining. Conclusion: This study elucidated vivid renal pathology due to renal-lithiasis in buffaloes which is almost negligible and scanty. This case reports also endeavoured to ascertain probable causes of renal alterations seen in the present cases through thoughtful screening and sincere review of updates. It is also construed from this study that the relevant observation noted could be utilized to study the human renal complications and effective management to such situation could be evolved through further research on veterinary patients.