Renal parenchymal malacoplakia: a rare cause of ARF with a review of recent literature

Renal malakoplakia as a pseudotumoral lesion in a renal transplant patient: A case report

“…Furthermore, it is more frequent in immunocompromised patients. 3,5,6 Our reported case was an immunocompromised patient, as she had suffered a renal transplant and received multiple therapies with immunosuppressive drugs.…”

“…If the The differential diagnosis of malakoplakia includes other chronic inflammatory processes such as Mycobacterium avium infection; renal fungus infection and renal neoplasm as renal cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; and renal non-Hodgkin Lymphomas in transplanted and/or immunocompromised patients. 5,6 Immunosuppression predisposes the patient to gram negative bacterial infections and subsequently to the development of histopathological pictures consistent with malakoplakia. 8 Recently, an association between xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and malakoplakia has been reported.…”

Complicated Upper Urinary Tract Infection

“…It can also cause renal vein thrombosis, inferior vena cava thrombosis, or progressive renal failure. Malacoplakia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure if it directly involves the renal parenchyma, also in those rare cases of bilateral renal disease that the end-stage renal failure has been resulted [173,176]. The renal malacoplakia may extend beyond the kidney and it may also be potentially fatal due to post-infectious glomerulonephritis secondary to bacterial presence in the renal parenchyma, and unlike bladder involvements, is a progressive and destructive parenchymal disease [177,178].…”

“…The renal malacoplakia may extend beyond the kidney and it may also be potentially fatal due to post-infectious glomerulonephritis secondary to bacterial presence in the renal parenchyma, and unlike bladder involvements, is a progressive and destructive parenchymal disease [177,178]. With the advancement of the medical science, renal parenchymal disease is no longer considered as a frequently fatal disease in the new millennium; however, the morbidity rate still remains high and progress toward renal failure will ensue in a considerable number of patients with time [176].…”

“…An antibiotic with an excellent cell membrane penetration is the cornerstone of treatment that fluoroquinolones are effective in up to 80 -90% of cases and since their debut in the www.intechopen.com early 90's, they have been the greatest support in the literature to manage the disease [176,185]. They have been the first choice of treatment due to the easy passage through the macrophage and histiocyte cell wall providing high concentrations there [179,186].…”