Renal papillary necrosis associated with dehydration in large cats

Corpa, J. M.; Marin, S.; Mora-Peris, Borja; Bolea, Rosa; Ortega, J.; Martínez, Jorge; Segura, Paula; Pérez, Valentín Pérez

doi:10.1136/vr.157.25.814

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…2,15 Despite numerous reports of renal disease in exotic felids, 1,3,8,14,16,19 we could find no reports that describe and compare the occurrence of renal lesions across multiple species of exotic felids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…10 RPN has been reported in 3 lions and 1 tiger; in that report, the inciting cause was attributed to chronic dehydration and poor water quality. 3 Another publication described bilateral RPN attributed to dehydration in 2 tigers. 11 Bilateral RPN was also reported in a white tiger with persistent metanephric ducts and unilateral hydronephrosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Renal papillary necrosis (RPN) has been reported in 3 lions and a tiger, 3 and there is a single case report of pyelonephritis in a Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,16,19 Large studies have reported glomerulosclerosis in captive cheetahs 1 and glomerulonephritis in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). 8 Renal papillary necrosis (RPN) has been reported in 3 lions and a tiger, 3 and there is a single case report of pyelonephritis in a Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). 7 This retrospective report evaluated kidney lesions in exotic felids that were necropsied at the University of Tennessee Veterinary Teaching Hospital before 2009.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Renal Lesions of Nondomestic Felids

et al. 2010

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To comprehensively evaluate the occurrence of renal lesions in a variety of nondomestic felids, necropsy cases from 1978 to 2008 were reviewed from a municipal zoo and a large cat sanctuary for those in which the kidneys were examined histologically. Seventy exotic felids were identified (25 tigers, 18 lions, 6 cougars, 5 leopards, 3 snow leopards, 3 clouded leopards, 3 Canadian lynx, 2 ocelots, 2 bobcats, 2 cheetahs, 1 jaguar), and their histologic renal lesions were evaluated and compared. The most common lesion was tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN); 36 of 70 (51%) cats were affected to some degree. Lymphocytic interstitial nephritis was the most common lesion in the tigers (9 of 25, 36%) and was rarely seen in other species. Although the renal pelvis was not available for all cats, 28 of 47 (60%) had some degree of lymphocytic pyelitis. There was no significant association between the presence of pyelitis and that of TIN. Only 1 cat had pyelonephritis. Renal papillary necrosis was present in 13 of 70 (19%) cats and was significantly associated with historical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment (odds ratio, 7.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 26.8). Only 1 cat (lion) had amyloid accumulation, and it was restricted to the corticomedullary junction. Primary glomerular lesions were absent in all cats. Intraepithelial pigment was identified in many of the cats but was not correlated with severity of TIN. Despite several previous reports describing primary glomerular disease or renal amyloidosis in exotic felids, these lesions were rare to absent in this population.Keywords exotic felid, kidney, leopard, lion, nephritis, Panthera, tiger Chronic kidney disease is the most common disease affecting older domestic cats. 15 The reported prevalence of kidney disease in domestic cats ranges from 1.6 to 31%.2,15 Despite numerous reports of renal disease in exotic felids, 1,3,8,14,16,19 we could find no reports that describe and compare the occurrence of renal lesions across multiple species of exotic felids.Previous reports of renal lesions in exotic felids have focused mainly on renal AA amyloid deposition in association with systemic AA amyloidosis. 14,16,19 Large studies have reported glomerulosclerosis in captive cheetahs 1 and glomerulonephritis in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus).8 Renal papillary necrosis (RPN) has been reported in 3 lions and a tiger, 3 and there is a single case report of pyelonephritis in a Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). Materials and MethodsNecropsy records from the University of Tennessee's pathology service were searched for submissions of exotic felids from a municipal zoo and a large cat sanctuary from January 1978 through December 2008. All the cats in this study were housed at a municipal zoo or a large cat sanctuary at the time of their death. Most of the animals were similarly housed, in earth-floored enclosures, and fed all-meat diets. The large cat sanctuary serves as a rescue organization, so the prior history of many of these cats is unknown. Cases we...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Renal papillary necrosis (RPN) has been reported in 3 lions and a tiger, 3 and there is a single case report of pyelonephritis in a Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renal Lesions of Nondomestic Felids

et al. 2010

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“…10,13 Renal papillary necrosis has also been associated with periods of dehydration. 7,11 In the current case, the diagnosis of renal papillary necrosis was based on multiple clinical and postmortem examination findings. The deer had a clinical history of administration of multiple NSAIDs, including flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and meloxicam for pain management.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug—Associated Renal Papillary Necrosis in a White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus)

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Renal papillary necrosis was diagnosed during postmortem examination of a juvenile whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Oklahoma. The deer was surgically treated for a Salter Harris type II fracture of the proximal tibia of the left hind limb. The animal was administered multiple nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including meloxicam, flunixin meglumine, and ketoprofen for pain management. At postmortem examination, gross lesions included a proximal tibial Salter Harris type II fracture with an associated fibrinonecrotizing myositis and bilateral renal papillary necrosis. Histologically, the kidneys exhibited coagulation necrosis of the renal medulla and renal papilla, thrombosis of renal blood vessels, and interstitial medullary edema. The gross and microscopic lesion coupled with the clinical history of multiple NSAID administration suggests NSAID-induced renal papillary necrosis.Key words: Deer; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; renal papillary necrosis.A juvenile, 9.6-kg, female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was presented to Oklahoma State University Boren Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Stillwater, Oklahoma) for suspected vehicle trauma. On admission, the deer had a heart rate of 168 beats/min, showed signs of discomfort, and was mildly dehydrated. Physical examination indicated a fracture of the left hind limb, and radiographs confirmed a Salter Harris type II fracture of the proximal tibia. The left hind limb was bandaged, and the animal was given a single intravenous dose of 2.2 mg/kg of ketoprofen. aThe following day, the animal was in pain, and surgical repair of the fracture was performed. The left hind limb was aseptically prepared according to standard hospital procedure. A 10-cm incision was made over the medial aspect of the proximal tibia centered over the fracture site. Open reduction of the fracture was performed, and the fracture was stabilized with the use of a cross-pinning technique with Kirschner wires. After pin placement, the fracture was deemed to be stabilized by manual manipulation of the fracture site. The subcutaneous tissues were sutured in a simple continuous pattern with 3-0 PDS* II. b The skin was then closed with 3-0 nylon suture material b in a cruciate pattern. Postoperative radiographs revealed that the pin placement was satisfactory, and the fracture was reduced. Recovery from anesthesia was uneventful.Postoperatively, the deer was given a single intravenous dose of 1.1 mg/kg of flunixin meglumine c and a constantrate infusion of 3.0 mg/kg of fentanyl per hour b ; the fentanyl was discontinued the next day. Additional pain medications administered to the deer for the 2 days after surgery included 1 daily oral dose of 0.2 mg/kg of meloxicam d and multiple subcutaneous doses of 0.3 mg/kg of morphine. d Various drugs were given for pain management in this case because of the availability of drugs and changes in administration route, depending on the stress level of the animal. The deer did not show any clinical signs of imp...

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Renal candidiasis associated with papillary necrosis in a captive tiger (Panthera tigris)

Wilson,

Baughman,

Mauel

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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A 14‐year‐old male tiger developed anorexia with elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. The patient had a palpable abdominal mass and demonstrated neutrophilic leukocytosis and anaemia. Leukocytes, yeast and bacteria were present in the urine. The animal was non‐responsive to therapy and was subsequently euthanised. Extensive acute renal papillary necrosis (RPN) with pyelonephritis, chronic nephritis and polycystic renal disease were evident during gross and microscopic pathology examinations. The histologic occurrence of fungal spores and pseudohyphae morphologically consistent with Candida species were observed within the necrotic papillary regions of the kidney and within multiple foci of mild parakeratotic hyperkeratosis present in the gingiva and tongue. Candida albicans along with a slight growth of Escherichia coli were recovered from kidney cultures. Possible contributory factors for the renal candidiasis and associated RPN include predisposing oral candidiasis, polycystic renal disease, ischaemic nephrosclerosis, age‐associated or other forms of immunodeficiency and therapy with meloxicam, a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug. The absence of apparent lower urinary tract involvement coupled with the presence of intravascular renal ‘Candida emboli’ suggest that chronic oral candidiasis was the probable source of the kidney infection.

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Renal papillary necrosis associated with dehydration in large cats

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Renal Lesions of Nondomestic Felids

Renal Lesions of Nondomestic Felids

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug—Associated Renal Papillary Necrosis in a White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus)

Renal candidiasis associated with papillary necrosis in a captive tiger (Panthera tigris)

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