Renal medullary carcinomas: histopathologic phenotype associated with diverse genotypes

Treating renal cell carcinoma in young adults: challenges and solutions

“…In hypoxic cells, there is an absence of p53, and HIF instead induces VEGF that contributes to the angiogenic environment necessary for tumor progression. This theory is bolstered by a study conducted by Gatalica et al 42 that analyzed two cases of RMC in patients without SCT and noted that they both contained mutations that promoted hypoxia, suggesting that the hypoxic environment is responsible for tumor proliferation.…”

“…42 RMC demonstrates a distinct reticular appearance with sheets of poorly differentiated tumor cells. 35 According to Swartz et al, 36 stromal dysplasia and acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate are a consistent finding, distinguishing RMC from RCC.…”

Therapeutic approach guided by genetic alteration: Use of MTOR inhibitor in renal medullary carcinoma with loss of PTEN expression

“…20 Recent studies looking into the cytogenetic abnormalities of RMC have failed to identify any consistent abnormalities across cases, and have also brought into question the aforementioned theory by Swartz on the grounds of cases in caucasian patients without hemoglobinopathies. 21,22 Gao et al, had recently shown involvement of genes in signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinasePIK3C2G), cell cycle control (CDC25D and CDC73), and histone synthesis (HIST2H3D) based on molecular analysis of 11 patient specimens in a retrospective fashion. Although mechanism of pathogenesis still remains largely elusive, these alterations may become probable targets for therapy in the future.…”

Carcinomes des tubes collecteurs et carcinomes médullaires

“…Enfin un réarrange-ment de ALK avec une translocation (2;10)(p23; q22) résultant en la description d'un gène de fusion VCL-ALK pourrait mener à envisager des traitements de ces tumeurs par des inhibiteurs d'ALK [2,11].…”