Renal Damage due to Urinary Tract Infection

Aw, Asscher

doi:10.1159/000402865

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Using porcine infection models, researchers have investigated the spectrum of host responses to pyelonephritis as well as the onset of renal scarring that can occur as a consequence of UTI (216)(217)(218). The latter problem is often associated with vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) and is especially problematic in human infants, but as children age beyond 4 years, the risk of renal scarring due to UTI drops precipitously (219,220). In an E. coli infection model using both adult pigs and piglets with VUR, it was found that older animals were not any better protected from kidney scarring than piglets (218,219).…”

Section: Swinementioning

confidence: 99%

Strengths and Limitations of Model Systems for the Study of Urinary Tract Infections and Related Pathologies

Barber

Norton

Wiles

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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SUMMARYUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common bacterial infections worldwide and are a source of substantial morbidity among otherwise healthy women. UTIs can be caused by a variety of microbes, but the predominant etiologic agent of these infections is uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC). An especially troubling feature of UPEC-associated UTIs is their high rate of recurrence. This problem is compounded by the drastic increase in the global incidence of antibiotic-resistant UPEC strains over the past 15 years. The need for more-effective treatments for UTIs is driving research aimed at bettering our understanding of the virulence mechanisms and host-pathogen interactions that occur during the course of these infections. Surrogate models of human infection, including cell culture systems and the use of murine, porcine, avian, teleost (zebrafish), and nematode hosts, are being employed to define host and bacterial factors that modulate the pathogenesis of UTIs. These model systems are revealing how UPEC strains can avoid or overcome host defenses and acquire scarce nutrients while also providing insight into the virulence mechanisms used by UPEC within compromised individuals, such as catheterized patients. Here, we summarize our current understanding of UTI pathogenesis while also giving an overview of the model systems used to study the initiation, persistence, and recurrence of UTIs and life-threatening sequelae like urosepsis. Although we focus on UPEC, the experimental systems described here can also provide valuable insight into the disease processes associated with other bacterial pathogens both within the urinary tract and elsewhere within the host.

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