“…In East Asia, Cheung et al [34] reported that chronic dialysis patients showed a significantly higher incidence and mortality of kidney cancer than general population in Hong Kong while Chien et al [35] found that dialysis patients increased the risk of dying from kidney cancer compared to the general population in Taiwan. In Japan, Satoh et al [11] reported that 38 (0.6%) out of 6201 dialysis patients [12] reported that 44 patients (1.7%) were pathologically diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma in 2,624 dialysis patients between 1993 and 2004. These incidences of kidney cancer among dialysis patients appear higher than the incidence of general population (i.e., 7.1/100,000 for males and 3.1/100,000 [36]).…”