Renal blood flow and perfusion pressure before and after development of renal hypertension

Cm, Ferrario; Jw, Mason

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.224.1.102

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The conditions for obtaining an unstressed control state for hemodynamic measurement in conscious, mongrel dogs with previously implanted catheters have been well established in this laboratory by Ferrario et al 4 " 6 The level for MAP (93 ± 9 mm Hg) and HR (78 ± 10 bpm) in all conscious dogs reported in this study compares well with past studies. 4 " 6 These basal levels of MAP and HR reflect the fact that 2 to 3 weeks of previous training occurred during which time animals became familiar with the recording procedures, personnel, and surroundings on a nearly daily basis and are suggestive of the low sympathetic tone present under these basal conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…4 " 6 Experiments were started 2 to 3 weeks after the dogs were instrumented with a catheter chronically positioned into the lower abdominal aorta via an iliac artery. During the recording and sampling session, dogs were housed in a pen in a dimly lit laboratory and shielded from ambient visual and auditory stimuli.…”

Section: Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plates were then developed with chloroform/methanol/70% practical ethylamine (16:3:2) for 1 hour. The appropriate zones for 3 H-metanephrine and 3 H-normetanephrine were separately scraped into 7 ml scintillation vials, extracted into 0.5 ml of 0.15 M NH 4 OH, and converted to vanillin by the addition of 30 /i\ of NaIO 4 followed 5 minutes later by the addition of 30 fi\ of glycerin (10%). The samples were then acidified with 0.5 ml of 0.3 M acetic acid and 5 ml of scintillation fluor (Research Products International Corporation, Mount Prospect, Illinois, 3a20) was added.…”

Section: Biochemical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Basal levels of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in the dog.

Bridle¹,

Brosnihan²,

Speth³

et al. 1983

Hypertension

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SUMMARY Conscious (n = 62) and anesthetized (n = 34) dogs were studied to establish basal levels and ranges for plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) in this species. Trained conscious dogs were familiarized to recording conditions and personnel for 2 to 3 weeks and acclimatized to the laboratory for at least 15 minutes prior to blood sampling from a chronically implanted catheter. Their basal values were 65 ± 47 pg/ml for E and 145 ± 58 pg/ml for NE, which were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than values in a second group of conscious dogs trained in the same manner but sampled soon after arrival to the laboratory (E = 144 ± 93 pg/ml; NE = 193 ± 86 pg/ ml). Catecholamine levels in dogs anesthetized with one of three different regimes commonly used in cardiovascular studies were shown to be similar to the basal values found in conscious dogs acclimatized to the laboratory. The weak correlations found between basal plasma catecholamines and hemodynamic variables in all groups of conscious dogs reflect the complexity of factors interacting with the sympathetic nervous system in the maintenance of arterial pressure. These results document the variability that can be expected when using catecholamine levels as an index of sympathetic nervous system activity and the necessity of standardizing conditions for sample collection. (Hypertension 5 (supp V): V-128-V-133, 1983)KEY WORDS • catecholamines • canine sympathetic nervous system activity heart rate * blood pressure A CCURATE determination of basal levels of catecholamine concentrations in plasma is essential to assess the physiological significance of an experimental challenge in any species' particularly when these measurements are used to gauge the degree of sympathetic nervous system activation. In dogs, reported values for basal catecholamine levels are variable, 1 " 3 and this may reflect methodological inconsistencies in either sampling, in assay procedures, or both. We report here a population study conducted in dogs assessing basal plasma levels of E and NE from blood samples collected over a 3-year period. A sensitive radioenzymatic assay was performed on plasma samples collected in association with rigorously standardized animal training and blood sampling techniques. Methods Physiological ProceduresNinety-six normal male mongrel dogs weighing between 16 and 30 kg were used in these experiments. Five groups were compared. Group 1Conscious, trained, resting-recumbent dogs (n = 17) were trained according to conditions established in the laboratory for the chronic characterization of resting arterial pressure.4 " 6 Experiments were started 2 to 3 weeks after the dogs were instrumented with a catheter chronically positioned into the lower abdominal aorta via an iliac artery. During the recording and sampling session, dogs were housed in a pen in a dimly lit laboratory and shielded from ambient visual and auditory stimuli. Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were recorded for 60 to 90 minutes. The dogs were acclimatized to recording conditions at least...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biochemical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Basal levels of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in the dog.

Bridle¹,

Brosnihan²,

Speth³

et al. 1983

Hypertension

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…22 Further, Galvez et al 19 blocked the contralateral diuresis that follows ipsilateral arterial constriction with either angiotensin antagonists or blockers of prostaglandin synthesis. Thus, as hypertension progresses, ischemia in the stenotic kidney is diminished by a higher perfusion pressure, 23 rendering the stenotic kidney less dependent on synthesis of prostaglandins. Since renin release continues, prostaglandin synthesis may be maximally stimulated in the contralateral kidney because of the high levels of angiotensin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of furosemide on renal function in the stenotic and contralateral kidneys of patients with renovascular hypertension.

Ruilope¹,

García-Robles²,

Sancho-Rof³

et al. 1983

Hypertension

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SUMMARY In a group of six patients diagnosed as having unilateral renovascular hypertension due to fibromuscular dysplasia, inulin glomerular filtration rate, (GFR) and PAH renal plasma flow, (RPF) clearances, urine flow (V), urine sodium (UV Nl ), potassium (UV K ), urinary excretion of prostaglandin E^ (UV reEj ), thromboxane B 2 (UV TxJ , 2 ), and 6-keto prostaglandin F la (UV^^) were measured in each kidney before and after the i.v. administration of furosemide (20 mg). The basal values of GFR, RPF, UV Ni , UVpc E ,, UV TlB ,, and UV 6 . krto . PCFla were lower (p < 0.01) in the stenotic kidney. Furosemide increased RPF 11 % and 50%, GFR 25% and 62%, and V 142% and 280% in the contralateral and stenotic kidney respectively. The increase of UV Na was similar in the two kidneys. In the stenotic kidney, both UVpcEj and UVj^^pcf^ increased significantly (p < 0.01) with furosemide while UV TlB , remained unchanged. Furosemide did not alter the rate of excretion of the three prostaglandins measured in the contralateral kidney. We conclude that furosemide significantly improves renal circulatory and excretory function of the stenotic kidney. Since prostaglandin excretions also increased, the vasodilatation in the stenotic kidney may be prostaglandin mediated. IT is known that the vasodilator action of furosemide in the normal kidney is mostly mediated by increased synthesis of prostaglandins, 1 " 4 which may also modulate the diuretic effects of furosemide. 4 Furosemide is currently used in patients with unilateral renovascular stenosis; however, it is not known whether its hemodynamic and diuretic effects are equally exerted or predominantly exerted in the stenotic kidney or in the contralateral kidney. Further, we have no knowledge about the changes induced by furosemide in prostaglandin synthesis in the stenotic and contralateral kidney. 56 In a recent survey of the literature, 7 there is convincing evidence supporting the notion that increased synthesis of prostaglandins is important inFrom the Departments of Nephrology and Endocrinology, 1st October and Ramon y Cajal Hospitals, Madrid, Spain, and from the Departments of Nephrology and Physiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota.Supported by Grant HL16496 from the National Institutes of Health, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, and grants from the Mayo Foundation and the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS Exp. 83/0575).Address for reprints: Dr. J.C. Romero, Department of Physiology, 9th Floor Guggenheim Building, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905. the maintenance of renal blood flow during the early phases of renovascular hypertension. However, in the chronic stages of hypertension, the role of prostaglandins has not been adequately explored. 7This study was undertaken to determine the effect of furosemide on renal hemodynamics, renal excretory function, and postaglandin excretion in both the stenotic apd contralateral kidneys of patients with renovascular hypertension. Materials and Methods Patient ProtocolThe study was co...

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“…Moreover, there have been no studies with continuous haemodynamic monitoring in unanaesthetized animals, and in many experiments the renal artery constriction has been applied during surgery under anaesthesia. When sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia is used arterial pressure is often elevated (Fray, Siwek, Strull, Steller & Wilson, 1976) and there is some renal vasoconstriction (Ferrario & McCubbin, 1973). Both these effects mean that in order to achieve the same reduction in renal artery pressure or blood flow as in a quiet unanaesthetized dog, greater narrowing of the renal artery will be necessary.…”

Section: Renal Constrictor Action Of Aiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute renal haemodynamic and renin‐angiotensin system responses to graded renal artery stenosis in the dog.

Anderson¹,

Johnston²,

Korner³

1979

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The acute renal haemodynamic and renin-angiotensin system responses to graded renal artery stenosis were studied in chronically instrumented, unanaesthetized dogs.2. Stenosis was induced over 30 sec by inflation of a cuff around the renal artery to lower distal pressure to 60, 40 or 20 mmHg, with stenosis maintained for 1 hr. This resulted in an immediate fall in renal vascular resistance, but over the next 5-30 min both resistance and renal artery pressure were restored back towards prestenosis values. Only transient increases in systemic arterial blood pressure and plasma renin and angiotensin levels were seen with the two milder stenoses. Despite restoration of renal artery pressure, renal blood flow remained reduced at all grades of stenosis.3. Pre-treatment with angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor or sarcosinel, isoleucine8 angiotensin II greatly attenuated or abolished the restoration of renal artery pressure and renal vascular resistance after stenosis, and plasma renin and angiotensin II levels remained high. Renal dilatation was indefinitely maintained, but the normal restoration of resistance and pressure could be simulated by infusing angiotensin II into the renal artery.4. The effective resistance to blood flow by the stenosis did not remain constant but varied with changes in the renal vascular resistance.

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Renal blood flow and perfusion pressure before and after development of renal hypertension

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Basal levels of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in the dog.

Basal levels of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in the dog.

Effect of furosemide on renal function in the stenotic and contralateral kidneys of patients with renovascular hypertension.

Acute renal haemodynamic and renin‐angiotensin system responses to graded renal artery stenosis in the dog.

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