Renal autoimmunity: The role of bacterial and viral infections, an extensive review

Lavine, Noy; Ohayon, Aviran; Mahroum, Naim

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103073

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…According to the scientific data, EBV may be one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of kidney disease. Reports include lupus nephropathy and acute nephritis [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], and, accordingly with the results of our own observations also in course of GN [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

The Importance of Toll-like Receptor 9 Expression on Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in the Context of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in the Immunopathogenesis of Primary Glomerulonephritis

Smarz-Widelska¹,

Mertowski

Mertowska

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is activated by unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides found in the genomes of pathogens such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). The aim of this study was to determine the role of TLR9 in the immunopathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) in the context of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. For this purpose, the frequency of TLR9-positive monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs, i.e., BDCA-1; myeloid dendritic cells, and BDCA-2; plasmocytoid dendritic cells) was studied, and a quantitative analysis of the concentration of TLR9 in the serum of patients diagnosed with IgAN and MPGN was undertaken. Higher frequencies of TLR9-positive DCs and monocytes in IgAN and MPGN patients were observed as compared with the control group. Patients diagnosed with GN exhibited a higher percentage of BDCA-1+CD19− and BDCA-2+CD123+ DCs than patients in the control group. Moreover, serum TLR9 concentration was shown to be significantly correlated with EBV DNA copy number/µg DNA, IgG, IgM, serum albumin, total protein in 24-h urine collection test and the frequency of BDCA-2+CD123+ DCs in peripheral blood. Our findings confirm that TLR9 may be involved in the development of IgAN and MPGN.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

The Importance of Toll-like Receptor 9 Expression on Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in the Context of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in the Immunopathogenesis of Primary Glomerulonephritis

Smarz-Widelska¹,

Mertowski

Mertowska

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Kidney involvement in autoimmune diseases and SLE is well established. 57 We previously reported the renal implication of COVID-19 in relation to autoimmunity. 12 In this regard, several papers reported SLE kidney manifestation associated with COVID-19 vaccines.…”

Section: Covid-19 Vaccines and New-onset Lupus Nephritismentioning

confidence: 98%

COVID-19 and SLE: Infection and autoimmunity at its best

Mahroum,

Elsalti,

Ozkan

et al. 2023

Lupus

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If one had any doubts before the pandemic regarding the correlation between infections and autoimmunity, COVID-19 left us fascinated on the strong bond between the two entities. The immune and autoimmune reactions seen in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have served as a base for this assumption. Later on, the use of immunosuppressants such as systemic glucocorticoids, among other biological agents, turned this assumption to a fact. This was no different when it comes to the vaccines against COVID-19. Through several postulated mechanisms these vaccines, although generally considered safe, are thought to have the potential to result in autoimmune reactions making them not more innocent than the infection itself. When systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is viewed as a classical autoimmune multisystemic disorder, the connection with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination is of extreme importance. This is because early reports during the pandemic have shown increased rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients known previously to have SLE and much more interestingly, cases of new-onset SLE after COVID-19 have been documented in the literature. Subsequently vaccines against COVID-19, those mRNA-based and adenovirus-vector based, were reported to induce new SLE cases, trigger immune thrombocytopenia or lupus nephritis, two common presentations of SLE, or exacerbate flares. In our paper, we concluded various aspects of available and recent data regarding SLE and COVID-19 as both an infection and vaccination.

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“…The importance of autoimmune mechanisms and diseases, in almost every domain in medicine cannot be overemphasized. For instance, autoimmunity has been linked to all body systems, almost with no exception [ [2] , [3] , [4] ]. Moreover, early in the pandemic of COVID-19, the association of COVID-19 with autoimmunity has been thoroughly reported in the medical literature [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mosaic of autoimmunity – Finally discussing in person. The 13th international congress on autoimmunity 2022 (AUTO13) Athens

Mahroum

Elsalti

Alwani

et al. 2022

Autoimmunity Reviews

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Renal autoimmunity: The role of bacterial and viral infections, an extensive review

Cited by 5 publications

References 181 publications

The Importance of Toll-like Receptor 9 Expression on Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in the Context of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in the Immunopathogenesis of Primary Glomerulonephritis

The Importance of Toll-like Receptor 9 Expression on Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in the Context of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in the Immunopathogenesis of Primary Glomerulonephritis

COVID-19 and SLE: Infection and autoimmunity at its best

The mosaic of autoimmunity – Finally discussing in person. The 13th international congress on autoimmunity 2022 (AUTO13) Athens

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