Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Abstract

The sections in this article are: Age‐Related Changes in Kidney Function Cross‐Sectional Studies Modification of View of Inevitable Change from Results of Longitudinal Studies Age‐Related Proteinuria and Glomerular Lesions in Rodents Pathophysiology of the Decrease in Renal Function with Age Age‐Related Changes in Renal Control of Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis Control of Sodium Balance Control of Potassium Balance Control of Water Balance and Susceptibility of Older Individuals to Dehydration (Hypernatremia) Susceptibility of Older Individuals to the Development of Hyponatremia Aging and Kidney Disease Acute Renal Failure Glomerular Disease (Nephrotic Syndrome) Chronic Renal Failure Urinary Tract Infections Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction with Aging Anatomy and Physiology of the Lower Urinary Tract Effect of Age on Lower Urinary Tract Transient Incontinence Established Incontinence Pathophysiology of Voiding Dysfunction in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Other Diseases of the Lower Urinary Tract

Migrant Farmworkers’ Exposure to Pesticides in Sonora, Mexico

“…The negative correlation between age and pesticide exposure has been reported in a previous farmworker study [53]. This association might have happened because pesticides may not be as effectively removed by the body as a person ages since functional changes occur in the liver and kidneys with the increase of age during adulthood [54,55]. While some pesticides are stored in fat tissue before they are eliminated from the body by the kidney and liver, the mass of these organ decreases progressively as a person ages; thus, pesticides cannot be fully filtered and removed in urine and may stay longer in fat tissues [56].…”

Effect Of Age On Renal Functional And Orthostatic Vascular Response In Healthy Men

“…Standing from a supine position was associated with significant decreases ( P < 0.0001) in C PAH (from 480 ± 63 to 379 ± 74 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 ), C cr (from 125 ± 18 to 117 ± 19 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 ), U Na V (from 178 ± 29 to 97 ± 23 μEq/min) and FE Na (from 1.02 ± 0.19 to 0.60 ± 0.13%). A significant increase ( P < 0.0001) in the RVR index (from 0.11 ± 0.03 to 0.14 ± 0.04 units) was noted.…”

“…The baseline mean subject characteristics were as follows: age 49 ± 17 years, bodyweight 64.5 ± 9.1 kg, body mass index 23.1 ± 2.6 kg/m 2 and sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressures of 123 ± 11 and 73 ± 7 mmHg, respectively. The mean total serum cholesterol concentration was 4.80 ± 0.68 mmol/L and the fasting plasma glucose concentration was 5.17 ± 0.44 mmol/L.…”

“…It is generally accepted that renal function naturally decreases to a substantial extent with age 1–3 . When an elderly patient is stricken with acute or chronic illness, abnormalities in sodium and water balance are often observed.…”

“…The mean daily urinary excretion of sodium was 236 ± 22 mEq. Standing from a supine position was associated with significant decreases ( P < 0.0001) in creatinine clearance (from 125 ± 18 to 117 ± 19 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 ), sodium excretion (from 178 ± 29 to 97 ± 23 μ Eq/min) and fractional excretion of sodium (from 1.02 ± 0.19 to 0.60 ± 0.13%). A significant increase ( P < 0.0001) in the RVR index (from 0.11 ± 0.03 to 0.14 ± 0.04 units) was noted.…”