Renal and hindlimb vascular control during acute emotion in the baboon

Abstract

Blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen consumption, and blood flow to the renal and hind-limb vasculatures were measured in healthy, unanesthetized baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in a controlled environment. Appropriate behavioral techniques were applied to allow the reproducible elicitation of a conditional emotional response (CER). Section of renal nerves and autonomic pharmacologic interventions were used to determine the mechanisms for the cardiovascular responses accompanying the CER. The resistance changes in the renal and hind-limb vascular beds were generated by rapid, neurally mediated vasoconstriction of the renal vasculature and by a slower acting, circulating vasoactive agent, most probably epinephrine, which causes a delayed second constriction in the renal bed and a net dilation in the hind limbs.

Instrumental Control of Cardioacceleration Induced by Central Electrical Stimulation

“…Two (S and NS) by three (con-E trol, speed, and slow) analyses of vari-= ance were carried out for each site in e each monkey and followed by Duncan's 20 , tests (9) where significant statistical interactions were found. Each animal was able to attenuate or 10 even abolish the effects of the ESB on HR in the striatum or posterior hypothalamus during slowing, but was not able to attenuate the ESB effects in the anterior \ hypothalamus or subthalamic nucleus -10 ( Fig. 1, A that ESB did not have differential effects between speed and control conditions; however, both of these conditions difito slowed fered from the slow condition (P < .05) (Fig.…”

“…Smith et al (10) have shown that lesions in areas in the baboon corresponding to our anterior hypothalamic sites create deficits in an animal's ability to generate a conditioned emotional response (a change in heart rate or blood pressure in response to a stimulus paired with an electric shock). It is possible in our experiments that affective responses elicited by stimulation in these areas overrode the reinforcement strength of shock avoidance.…”

“…214, 16 OCTOBER 1981 cardiovascular effects only. Cardiovascular efferents to the posterior hypothalamus may involve only outputs from the anterior hypothalamus (10,11). The subthalamic nucleus is a complex area that mediates motor as well as cardiovascular functions (12) and that may receive selective input from the anterior hypothalamus and striatum.…”

“…mM NaHCO3, and 10.0 mM dextrose. When 25 mM K+ was added, the solution was osmotically balanced by adjusting the NaCl concentration.…”

Detecting activation of the sympatho-adrenal axis from haemodynamic recordings, in conscious rabbits exposed to acute stress

“…The activation of the SA and the local SN pathways can then be inferred from the comparison of vascular responses recorded in intact and sympathetically decentralized facial arteries (Mancia et al 1974, Smith et al 1979, Roatta et al 2009). The activation of the SA and the local SN pathways can then be inferred from the comparison of vascular responses recorded in intact and sympathetically decentralized facial arteries (Mancia et al 1974, Smith et al 1979, Roatta et al 2009).…”